论文标题:中国农村人口、贫困与环境退化研究
Study on China Rural Population, Poverty and Environmental Degradation
论文作者 徐剑
论文导师 尹豪,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 人口学
论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 26,论文页数 48页File Size257k
2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_493170027/ 人口老龄化 ;人力资源开发
population aging ;human resource development
PPE怪圈是指人口（Population）、贫困（Poverty）和环境退化（Environment Degradation）三者之间存在的循环影响，它是发展中国家实现可持续发展的重要问题，也是实行科学发展观的重要问题。对此三者的联系存在着两种截然不同的看法。持悲观态度的看法认为，人口增长会加剧贫困，并致使生态环境更加脆弱；反过来，贫困导致人口增长、人口素质降低和生态环境趋向脆弱；脆弱的生态环境使贫困程度进一步加深，对人口发展有负面影响。持乐观态度的看法则认为，人口增长对经济发展存在有利影响，是刺激资本需求的重要因素，生态环境也将随着经济发展和技术进步逐渐改善。两种看法都建立在不同的假设基础之上，本文初步回顾了人口、贫困、环境循环影响的理论，比较分析了乐观和悲观的两种循环论调，得出这两种循环的作用与经济发展阶段密切相关的结论，探索了PPE怪圈的形成机制，结合中国农村实践，提出农村可持续发展过程中应对PPE怪圈的对策，继而展望了21世纪初中国农村人口、贫困与环境退化的发展趋势。本文最终认为，农村人口、贫穷与环境退化循环是不容忽视的事实，三者皆呈类似库兹涅茨曲线倒U分布形状，随着中国农村经济的蓬勃发展，三者将逐步走向良好、健康的循环。论文第一部分为PPE怪圈的理论概述，提出人口、贫困与环境退化问题。在这一部分中首先分别介绍了人口、贫困与环境退化的概念，其中着重介绍了贫困的类型与分类。然后分别从人口与贫困、人口与环境退化及贫困与环境退化三个方面分别做了理论上的阐述，研究了三者循环影响的途径与方式的理论。论文第二部分是人口、贫困与环境退化研究的大背景即中国的人口、贫困与环境退化状况。该部分分别从人口、贫困与环境退化三个方面分析了中国当今面临的人口增长、贫困差距较大，环境退化严重的状况。论文第三部分具体分析农村的PPE问题。首先分析了农村的人口问题，从数量、质量、年龄结构入手，研究了农村人口因素对贫困与环境退化的影响。其次分析了农村贫困问题，主要研究了农村贫困的现状及成因，特别是与贫困人口及环境退化的相互关系。最后研究了农村的环境退化问题，分析农村环境退化的现状及成因。并针对农村人口流动日渐加大的趋势和城市化发展现状，分析了流动人口的增长与贫困和环境退化的关系。论文的第四部分是本文的结论部分，提出解决农村人口、贫困与环境退化问题的对策。对策之一是关于农村人口问题的对策，认为在政策稳定的情况下，提高农村人口质量成为解决贫困与环境退化的重要方法。对策之二是关于农村贫困问题的对策，提出了相关的对策。关于环境退化的对策，本文提出了发展高科技农业等方案。
This article discusses the relation of Population， Poverty and Pollution. It is the basic question in the study of Population， Resources and Environmental Economics.For almost every country today, its primary struggle centers on globalization issues—growth, poverty eradication, disease prevention, education, urbanization, the preservation of identity. Poverty influences population health because it largely determines an individual"s environmental risks, as well as access to resources to deal with those risks.Throughout the developing world, the greatest environmental health threats tend to be those closest to home. Many in these countries live in situations that imperil their health through steady exposure to biological pathogens in the immediate environment.In China, the poorest are often excluded from the benefits of emerging prosperity and may also face a disproportionate share of health risks related to economic growth. Rural farmers are exposed to higher levels of air pollution or to the risks of industrial accidents. The chief victims of the accident were not just workers but farmers who had settled near the pollution.Even in wealthier districts where environmental threats to the general population may be relatively small, they are likely to be greater for poor and minority populations. The distribution of pollution in the China is grossly unequal, for instance, with poor, minority, inner-city children bearing much higher burdens of exposure and effects. I summarize the theory on the circular influence of Population, Poverty and Environment, compare the optimism and pessimism. According to the developed countries’ experience, analyze China rural PPE. And then forecast the tendency of China rural PPE.The first section in this dissertation is theory. First introduce the concept of Population, Poverty and Environment. Thirdly discuss the theory from three parts.Secondly analyze the research background of PPE. The third section analyses China rural PPE. First research the population from quantity/quality/structure. Then analyze the poverty’s actuality and cause of formation, especially the relation of poverty population and degradation of environment. At last analyze the environmental degradation’s reality and cause. And the I analyzes the relation of floating population’s growth and poverty and environmental degradation according to the tendency of urbanization.The last section is conclusion. In this section I put forward countermeasure to resolute the Population Poverty Environmental Degradation. The first one is on Population, promoting the quality becomes the most important method to resolve the Trilemma. There are four countermeasures on Poverty. On rural environmental degradation, we should develop high-tech agriculture, etc.
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