论文标题:中国农村金融体系发展问题研究
论文作者
论文导师 孙刚,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 金融学
论文单位 东北财经大学,点击次数 86,论文页数 63页File Size3287K
论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_497185532/
Rural finance system;; Reform;;Cooperative finance
改革开放以来，我国国民经济取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就，综合国力大大增强。我国的农村经济有了长足的进步，服务于农村经济的农村金融系统也有较大发展，农村存贷款绝对数额增长很多，以农信社为主体的农村金融机构的覆盖率很高，对农村经济发展做出了很大贡献，但是我国农村金融体系仍然存在很大的局限性，在改革开放的实践中暴露出很多问题，这些问题阻碍了我国农村金融的可持续健康发展，因此也制约了农村经济的快速发展。 “三农”问题成为我国社会日益关注的焦点，通过对农村金融系统中存在的问题进行分析思考，对我国农村金融系统进行改革，解决当前农村金融领域存在的问题，可以提高农村金融对农村经济发展的促进作用，使我国的农村金融体系可以更好地服务于农民的增收致富、农村的繁荣和农业的发展，也就成为解决“三农”问题的一把钥匙。本文在对我国当前农村金融体系的现状和问题进行分析的基础上，总结和分析我国历次农村金融体系改革的经验教训，并借鉴外国在农村金融体系改革方面的经验，对我国的农村金融体系改革提出了政策建议。 本文主要分为四个部分。 第一章是我国当前农村金融体系现状及问题分析。只有了解、掌握我国农村金融体系的实际情况，在此基础上进行分析和总结，才能切实地找出科学合理的改革道路。这一章主要是对我国农村金融体系的整体结构及我国农村现有的正规金融组织及非正规金融组织的发展情况进行简要的介绍，并对现存的主要矛盾和问题进行阐述和分析。 第二章是我国农村金融体系改革历程及评价。本章回顾了我国农村金融体系改革历史，介绍历次改革的政策出发点、出台的各项政策及其实际达成的效果，分析总结历次改革未能达到理想效果的原因以及可为当前及今后我国农村金融体系改革借鉴的经验教训。从总体上来讲，我国农村金融体系不健全是由于改革方式和路径不正确造成的，我国一直对农村金融机构的准入进行严格的管制，现有的农村金融机构基本上是外生的，是政府一手制造的，缺乏农村经济主体的主动参与，因而与农村经济主体对金融服务的需求不相适应。最后得出我国农村金融改革必须要跳出原有的改革思路，即要由基于重视由上到下的改革，转变为重视由下到上的改革上来；由重视农村金融供给转变到重视农村金融市场结构和农村金融需求上来，以农村金融需求为导向进行金融机构的改革和制度创新，科学合理地改革中国农村金融体系。 第三章是国外在农村金融体系发展过程中的经验借鉴分析。无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，在发展农村经济和对农村金融体系进行改革的过程中，都有成功和失败的案例，本章分别介绍了发达国家和发展中国家农村金融体系发展过程中的成功经验及失败教训，并指出值得我国的农村金融体系改革吸收借鉴之处。 第四章是在结合我国农村金融体系现状的基础上，吸收借鉴对我国历次农村金融体系改革的经验教训，并借鉴国外在农村金融体系发展中的成功经验，提出对我国当前及未来农村金融体系改革的政策建议。我国当前的农村金融体系改革，应充分调动农村及城镇相关经济主体的积极性，营造良好的农村金融环境，提高正规金融组织的运营效率，规范和科学引导非正规金融组织的发展，使我国农村的金融体系更加适应广大农村地区的金融需求，更好地服务于农村经济社会的和谐发展。
Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up, China, with its high-speed increasing overall national strength, has achieved great success on national economy. Therefore, the rural economy, as well as rural finance system, which serves as its backbone has also seen tremendous improvement, for example, the rise of the absolute amount of loan and deposit and the high coverage rate of rural finance institutions, all of which contribute a lot for the development of rural economy. However, in spite of these, there are still many limitations in our rural finance system, and many problems have emerged during the process of the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up. All these problems have hindered the sustainable and healthy development of our rural finance, and hence restricted the development of rural economy. After thinking over and analyzing the current situation and limitation in rural finance system, we can enhance the promoting effects of rural finance towards the development of the rural economy by reforming the rural finance system and solving the problems that exist in the rural finance field. What"s more, as the problems about Agriculture, Rural areas and Peasantry attracts more and more attention, through the means mentioned above, we can also make the rural finance system more effective in accelerating the prosperous process of peasants, rural areas and hence agriculture, which means those methods can be considered as a key to open the door of the problems about Agriculture, Rural areas and Peasantry. Based on the current situation of rural finance system, this thesis puts forward the suggestion of this system reform by summarizing and analyzing the experience of all our country"s previous rural finance system reform, and by using the experience of abroad reform in this field for reference. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one is the presentation of China"s current rural finance system and the analyses of the existing problems. Only by knowing the actual situation of China"s rural finance system, and hence analyzing and summarizing on this basis, can we find out the scientific and reasonable reforming path. This chapter is mainly the introduction of the overall structure of China"s rural finance system and the developing situation of the formal and non-formal finance organization in China"s rural area. What"s more, it also expatiates and analyzes the mainly current -existing contradiction and problems. Chapter two is the retrospect and evaluation of China"s rural finance system. This chapter reviews the reforming history of China"s rural finance system, introduces the starting point of the previous reforms policies, presents previous issued policies and the effects they have gained, analyses the reasons why the previous reforms couldn"t achieve the ideal effect, and summarizes the lessons that the future reforms can use for reference. All in all, the distempered ness of our rural finance system is due to the incorrectness of reforming mode and method. China has always strictly controlled the admittance of rural finance institutions, which induces that the most of the existing rural finance institutions are exogenous. So, it can be said that it is the government that leads to the rural economy"s lacking of initiative participation which results in the inconsistency between supply and demand. Therefore, we can get the conclusion that our rural finance reform must get rid of the previous way which means that the reform should not start from upper level to lower roots but the reverse. What"s more, we should also turn our attention from rural finance supply to rural finance marketing institution and rural finance demands, by which we can scientifically and reasonably reform China"s rural finance system under the direction of rural finance demands. Chapter 3 is the retrospect and analysis of the developing process of rural finance system abroad. No matter developing countries or developed countries, all have the cases of success and failure during their rural finance system reforming process. This chapter respectively introduces the successful experience and unsuccessful lessons of both developing ones and developed ones, and points out the merits which can be taken advantage of by our rural finance system reform. The last chapter, combining the current situation of rural finance system in China with the experience and lessons of previous rural finance system in both China and abroad, puts forward the suggestions for China"s current and future rural finance system reform. Our current rural finance system reform should involve not only mobilizing the enthusiasm of related economy units in both country and town, but also constructing the favorable rural finance environment, enhancing the managing efficiency of formal finance organization and regulating and directing the development of informal finance organization. Only by these, can China"s rural finance system be more suitable to the demands of the rural area, and be better serve the harmonious development of rural economy society.
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