论文标题:七种汉语教材选词分析
A Contrastive study on the Speech Act of Apologies
论文作者 朴点熙
论文导师 崔永华,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 课程与教学论
论文单位 北京语言文化大学,点击次数 740,论文页数 44页File Size2071k
2000-05-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_500347/ 自动句法分析,动宾搭配,相似度
relevance theory, technical translation, mechanism
词汇教学是贯穿对外汉语教学始终的重要项目。目前对外汉语教材在词汇选择方面，有很多问题值得探讨。本文从分析大陆、台湾、韩国、日本与美国五地的七种汉语教材的选词情况入手，参照“汉语水平词汇等级大纲”和《现代汉语频率词典》，运用计算机数据库方法，应用语言学理论和对外汉语教学理论，探讨研究汉语作为第二语言教学中的教材的选词范围及原则。文章通过统计分析“共有词”，发现共有词是汉语交际与学习汉语的核心词汇，认为基础汉语教材应当适当扩大具有共有词特征的词语数量，为提高教学效率打下良好的基础；运用对比分析的方法，解释词汇大纲中的词汇被选用与否，认为这取决于确定词的标准、时代与所设计的语法因素的不同，可供汉语水平词汇大纲的修订参考；从语言学、文化、观念等多角度，探讨在不同地域、时期、对象、目的及不同阶段的教材选词原则，并讨论词汇教学指导思想。文章认为，在对外汉语教材编写中，选择教学单位时，使用者不必过于拘泥于理论上的限制，应从教学实际出发，尤其是考虑到如何利于学生理解和记忆，加上反映时代与文化因素，确定明确的选词原则，提高教学效果和效率。 文章主体分为6个部分：“引言”部分，简单说明研究的目的、意义、相关的研究成果和本文拟讨论的主要问题。第一节介绍研究材料与方法，说明研究依据的材料、方法和数据的筛选、统计和处理情况。第二节讨论七种汉语教材的共有词，分析共有词的种类、在对外汉语教学中的作用。第三节讨论未出现的甲级词、出现的丁级词与纲外词，分析甲级词未出现和丁级词与纲外词出现的原因，提出对教材选词标准的相关看法。第四节讨论七种教材各自选词的特色和与此相关的选词原则和教材选词可以考虑的方面。第五部分是本文讨论的结论。 文章最后附有本文涉及的各类词表，供读者验证本文讨论的正确性，也可以为教材选词和词汇大纲的修订提供参考。
The research of speech acts is a main field in pragmatics and is an intriguing topic which attracts a lot of attention. The speech act of apologies is one of the most frequently discussed area, for the multifarious issues and problems displayed in theutterances. Linguists have researched apologies in a lot of languages, of which the Cross- Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) may be one of the most authoritative. Before the CCSARP project, the study of speech acts is based primarily on intuitive data of isolated utterances. The CCSARP group approaches the issue from empirical perspective, holding that theoretical research should be complemented by empirical studies. The project investigated the two speech acts of requests and apologies across eight languages, and aimed at investigating the similarities and differences in the realization patterns of speech acts across different languages, and discerning the effect of the socio- pragmatic factors on the utterances. Unfortunately, Chinese is not included in this project. Therefore, this paper chooses the topic of Chinese apologies, hoping that the research can serve as a complement to the CCSARP project. The research of Chinese apologies should be meaningful. This research may help us form a general picture about Chinese apologies, which were seldom systematically researched in the past. Moreover, in this research, a cross-cultural contrast of the realization patterns is carried out across Chinese and the Endo-European and Hemito- Semitic languages studied by the CCSARP group, and the contrast displays the consistency and discrepancy across languages that belong to different families. One more -point, linguists, when investigating speech acts, focus much on a most important issue: indirectness, yet few researches have examined indirectness displayed in apologies. This paper has investigated indirect apologies and put forward a different relationship between indirectness and politeness in apologies. All these account for my choice of the research topic of Chinese apologies. This paper studies the speech act of apologies as displayed in Chinese. The research is to a large extent following that of the CCSARP group so that my findings are comparable to those of the CCSARP project. Two hundred questionnaires are collected with the method of Discourse-Completion Test (DCT). The data contain 1200 pieces of utterances falling into six situations, with 200 pieces in each.
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