论文标题:中国人口城市化水平及未来发展趋势研究 The Analysis on the Level and Future Trend of China"s Population Urbanization 论文作者 司怡 论文导师 王胜今,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 人口学 论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 136,论文页数 46页File Size317k 2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_504433907/ 民办高校 ; 师资队伍 ;现状与对策 private universities; teaching staff; status quo and countermeasures 城市化是近代工业化的产物,人口城市化是工业革命的必然结果。21世纪,世界各国社会经济发展越来越依赖于人口城市化水平。对于发展中国家来说,人口城市化更是促进工业化,实现现代化的必要条件。中国作为一个发展中的社会主义国家,面对汹涌澎湃的人口城市化浪潮没有理由,也不可能置之度外。本文就是在对人口城市化的基本概念、成因及一般规律的研究基础之上,分析中国人口城市化的现实水平、未来模式及可持续发展,并对其进行了国际比较和趋势预测,最后提出了加快中国人口城市化步伐的对策。一、 人口城市化的概念、成因及一般规律(一)人口城市化的概念关于人口城市化概念的界定,学术界有很多说法,迄今为止仍没有一个统一的定义,因为其涵盖的内容是多方面,多层次的。学者们从不同的视角提出了不同的理解,有人从资源配置界定人口城市化,有人从城乡关系界定人口城市化,也有人从人口变迁界定人口城市化。主要介绍了八种具有代表性的观点。(二)人口城市化的成因人口城市化产生的根本原因在于生产力的发展,在于经济社会的不断进步。从世界人口城市化的发展过程来看,具体成因表现为四点:工业化的发展是人口城市化的基本前提;农业生产力的不断发展是人口城市化的基础;现代工业的发展是人口城市化发展的基本动力;第三产业的发展是人口城市化的必要条件和重要标志。 (三)人口城市化的一般规律城市化伊始,人类最基本的物质生产以及与之相适应的交换、分配、消费活动和居住活动不停的从分散的村庄向集中的城市聚集。然而在经历了5000多年的聚集发展之后,首先在发达国家出现了生产和生活活动由大城市向周围地区扩散的现象,由此丰富了当前以聚集为主流的人口城市化内容,同时预示了这样一个前景,即人口城市化过程将会出现由兴转衰的局面。一般规律是:聚集规律;扩散规律。二、 中国人口城市化水平分析及国际比较(一)中国人口城市化水平分析城市化是人类进步的体现,人口城市化水平的高低是衡量一个国家或地区经济和社会发展水平的重要标志。中国的人口城市化水平与国民经济和工业化的发展极不适应,处于相对滞后的状态,突出表现在三个方面:人口城市化水平滞后于经济发展水平;人口城市化水平滞后于非农化水平;人口城市化水平滞后于工业化水平。(二)中国人口城市化水平滞后的原因分析人口城市化作为一个历史自然发展的过程,它的动力是来自经济的内在因素,即农业发展的拉动,工业化进程的推动以及经济市场化的促成等。中国人口城市化水平滞后的原因主要有四点:实行以重工业优先发展的战略对人口城市化的制约;农村的经济制度对人口城市化的制约;“离土不离乡,务工不进城”的农村工业化道路对人口城市化的制约;对城市和人口城市化认识上的偏差,是造成人口城市化滞后的重要原因。(三)中国人口城市化水平的国际比较从世界范围看,中国的人口城市化仍然处于一个低水平的状态,发展速度相对较慢,虽然较主要发达国家工业化初、中期人口城市化发展速度要快得多,但比世界低收入国家在1960—1987年间城市化发展速度又慢得多,与日本、韩国等城市化的发展水平相比,更是不可同日而语。截至2000年,中国的人口城市化水平不仅低于世界平均水平10个百分点,而且还远远落后于中等收入和高收入国家的平均水平。三、 中国人口城市化与可持续发展(一)中国人口城市化可持续发展的主要问题“可持续发展”就是要使人口增长与生产力发展相适应,使经济发展与资源、环境相协调,实现良性循环。能否实现我国人口城市化的可持续发展,必须关注的主要问题有:社会与经济的协调发展;城市生态环境质量的提高;农村剩余劳动力的合理转移;有序的人口城市化;人口素质的不断提高。(二)中国人口城市化可持续发展的对策在加快中国人口城市化的进程中,必然要选择可持续发展的道路,既要考虑当前发展的需要,又要着眼于未来,不能以牺牲后代人的利益为代价来满足当代人的需要。建议如下:构筑可持续发展的职能机构和法律体系;依靠科技推进城市化的可持续发展;借鉴先进经验。四、 中国人口城市化的未来模式、趋势预测及对策(一)中国人口城市化未来模式人口城市化模式是社会经济结构转变过程中的城市化发展状况及动力机制特征的总和。中国是一个发展中的大国,历史文化悠久、民族多样、国土广大、区域差异明显,城乡二元结构显著。因此,受这些特点的影响,我们不应只采取一种模式,诸如:扩展型人口城市化模式、集聚型人口城市化模式、外向型人口城市化模式等。(二)中国人口城市化发展趋势预测中国人口城市化的发展,在未来几十年的总趋势是速度不断加快,水平不断提高。预测如下:经济增长快、农民收入多、户籍改革力度大,人口城市化水平呈高速增长态势。(高方案);经济快速增长,农民收入增长适中,户籍改革逐步展开但力度不是太大,人口城市化水平呈中速增长。(中方案);经济快速增长,农民收入增幅不大,户籍改革力度小,人口城市化水平相对较低。(低方案)(三)加快中国? Urbanization is the product of modern industrialization. Population urbanization is the result of the industrial revolution. Most countries’ development, more and more, depend on the level of their urbanization in the 21st century. Especially for developing countries, urbanization is yet a crucial condition to accelerate their industrialization and modernization. China, as a developing socialist country, has no reason and possibility to exclude itself from the tremendous trend of population urbanization. Here, in this article, we will analyze the current level, the future pattern and the sustainable development of China’s population urbanization basing on the study of basic concept, theory, and causes of formation of population urbanization. Besides, the author also develops an international comparison and forecast of urbanization and at last, brought forward our proposal of accelerating Chinese population urbanization.I. The concept, causes of formation and theory of population urbanization A) Definition of urbanizationThere are many schools of thought regarding to what population urbanization is. By far, there is no uniform definition yet because of its vast and multidimensional contents.Scholars introduced different opinions on urbanization from different points of view such as resource configuration, urban-rural relationship and population variance. They mainly introduced eight representative opinions.B) Determinants of population urbanizationThe ultimate determinants of urbanization are the development of productivity and the economic development of society. During the general progress of worldwide urbanization, there are four determinants of urbanization:a) Development of industrialization is the fundemental precondition of urbanization;b) Sustainable development of agriculture is the foundation of urbanization; c) Modern industrialization is the ultimate power that drives the progress of urbanization;d) The development of the tertiary industry is the symbol of urbanization.C) General theory of population urbanizationSince the beginning of population urbanization, human material production and accompanying exchange, distribution, consumption and resident activity had continuously centralized to cities. However, after 5,000 years’ centralization, production and living activities in developed countries extended from big cities to their circumjacent areas, which enriched the centralizing urbanization content. At the same time, it forecasted the decline of people urbanization in the future. The general principle of population urbanization is: a) centralizing principle; b) diffusing principleII. China’s population urbanization level analysis and worldwide comparison A)The analysis on China’s population urbanization level Population urbanization indicates progress of human society and the level of population urbanization is a crucial measurement of the development of a country or a district. China’s population urbanization is very incommensurate with domestic economy and industrialization due to its relatively slow state. The lag of population urbanization mainly reflect in three aspects: a) Population urbanization drop behind the economic development; b) Population urbanization drop behind non-rural population generalization; c) Population urbanization drop behind industrialization.B) Analysis on the lag of China’s population urbanization As a necessary stage in the historical progress, population urbanization was driven by the internal economic factors, namely agriculture development, industrialization progress and formation of commodity society. There are four causes of the lag of China’s population urbanization. They are: a) the restriction from heavy industry priority strategy;b) the restriction from rural economic system; c) the restriction from rural industrialization process, which insists to maintain people’s industrialization scope only within rural area;d) the different understanding regarding to urbanization and populati
|