论文标题:毛泽东晚年平等思想评析
Study on Human Capital"s Supply-demand & Underpinning Capability to Sustainable Development in Shantung Province
论文作者 张辉
论文导师 仝祥顺,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
论文单位 山东师范大学,点击次数 94,论文页数 54页File Size3510k
2004-04-26论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_506046552/ 毛泽东;晚年;平等
Mao Zedong; old age; equality
平等在现代汉语中表述的是一种相同性的概念。它指的是人们在社会上处于同等的地位，在政治、经济、文化等方面享有同等的权利。毛泽东一生革命和建设的实践，可以说就是为实现平等而奋斗。毛泽东晚年平等思想对中国社会产生了重要的影响，值得进行反思和研究。 晚年毛泽东强调人与人之间在政治上是平等的，这种平等要求的内涵是人民是国家和社会的主人，克服了官僚主义，干部和群众之间是平等的。在经济上，毛泽东认为人们在生产资料的占有方面应该是无差别的，以及平均分配才是最平等的。在社会生活方面，毛泽东强调人与人之间在文化教育、医疗卫生等方面应该是平等的，并且认为，只有消灭社会分工和三大差别，才能使人们具有平等的社会地位。 毛泽东晚年平等思想的形成，是多种因素综合作用的结果：毛泽东对平等的追求是一以贯之的，追求平等是他一生的理想。马克思主义平等观对毛泽东晚年平等思想的形成具有重要的影响，一方面它为毛泽东晚年平等思想提供了直接的理论基础和目标模式，另一方面毛泽东晚年平等思想又是对马克思主义平等观没有充分理解的产物。由于受到中国传统平等思想的影响，从而使毛泽东晚年平等思想具有一定的平均主义色彩。革命战争年代的成功经验，为毛泽东晚年平等理想的构建提供了一种经验性的东西，使他的平等思想难以摆脱革命战争年代成功经验的影响。 毛泽东晚年平等思想具有一定的积极意义：毛泽东晚年建构其平等思想的主观愿望是值得充分肯定的；其平等思想所体现出来的以人民为本位，始终以人民群众的利益为出发点的精神具有积极意义；毛泽东晚年平等思想体现了一位以追求平等为己任的马克思主义者的崇高理想，它和农民阶级的平等观、资产阶级的平等观是根本不同的；毛泽东晚年平等思想中有关实行民主管理，反对官僚主义的思想，在当前仍有重要意义。毛泽东晚年平等思想作为那个时代的产物，注定带着那个时代的烙印和缺陷，使它具有一定的局限性：具有平均主义色彩；超越了生产力的发展水平，具有一定的空想性；忽视了法治在维护平等方面的作用；在客观上造成了人们身份上的不平等。 研究历史最终是为现实服务。本文通过对毛泽东晚年平等思想的研究，旨在总结经验教训，进一步深化对社会主义初级阶段平等问题的认识。我们认为，在社会主义初级阶段，应该选择实现平等的正确方式。这就是：坚持机会平等的原则；坚持共同富裕的发展方向；坚持依法治国，以法治保障平等；坚持效率优先、兼顾平等。
Equality is a kind of the same quality concept in modern Chinese. It means that people are in equal status in the society and enjoy the equal right in politics, economy, culture, and so on. The practice of revolution and construction throughout the life of Mao Zedong is to strive for realizing equality. Mao Zedong"s equal thought at his old age exerts an important influence on Chinese society, which is worth reviewing and studying.Mao Zedong emphasizes equality among people in the politics. The connotation of this equality is that people are masters of country and society, Chinese people overcome bureaucracy, cadre and masses are equal. Economically Mao Zedong considers that people should have no difference in the respect of occupying the means of production and average allocation is the most equal. In the layer of social life, Mao Zedong stresses that it should be equal in culture and education, health care among men. He also thinks that only eliminating the division of labor in society and three major disparities could make people possess equal social status.At Mao Zedong"s old age, the formation of his equal thought is the outcome of synthetic function of many kinds of factors. Mao Zedong"s pursuit of equality is consistent; he devoted himself to seeking equality all his life. Equal views of Marxism have a vital influence on the formation of Mao"s equal thought at his old age. On one hand it offers the direct theoretical foundation and goal mode for the equal thought of Mao. On the other hand, Mao"s equal thought is production which he had not fully understood equal views of Marxism. Only to being affected by Chinese traditional equal thoughts, Mao"s equal idea embodies certain equalitarianism color. The successful experience during the war period provides a kind of experience with the formation of equal thought of Mao Zedong, making it difficult in getting rid of effect of successful experience during the tears.The equal thought of Mao Zedong at his old age has certain positive meanings. The subjective wish that he structured the equal idea deserves to be fully affirmed. The spirit in the equal thought is that taking people"s interest as starting point, which has positive significance. The equal thought which is distinguished from the equality views of peasant and capitalist class embodied out high ideals of a Marxist pursuing equality as own duty. There is a still essential meaning in the thought about implementing democratic management and opposing bureaucratese. Objectively, As the production of that era, the equal thought of Mao Zedong at his old age unavoidably has brand and defect in that era, making it taking along certain limitation: such as its equalitarianism color, Utopian contents.It surmounts the developmental level of productivity, ignores equal function of safeguarding of legal system, and causes inequality on people"s status objectively.To study history is for serving reality. By researching the equal thought of Mao Zedong at his old age, this article aims at summering experience and lessens and deepening the understanding of the equal problem of primary stage of socialism. We think we should choose the correct way in realizing equality in the primary stage of socialism. That is adhering to the principle of equal chance, maintaining the developmental direction of common prosperity, insisting on running the country by law and ensuring the equality with legal. At the same time we should give priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness.
|
