论文标题:德国、日本二战史观迥异的比较研究
A Comparative Study on the Different Views on the History of World War Ⅱ between Germany and Japan
论文作者
论文导师 吉珊珊,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 世界史
论文单位 山西大学,点击次数 182,论文页数 49页File Size2941K
2007-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_51000202/
Germany;; Japan;; the history of Aggression;; Introspecting attitude
德国和日本是当今世界上两个令人瞩目的国家。它们都走过一条冒险—失败—崛起的相同发展道路。60多年前，两国都走上了对外野蛮侵略的法西斯道路，成为挑起第二次世界大战的元凶，并且最终都沦为战败国。战后，两国都被异国占领，又同样在战争的废墟上迅速崛起，实现了经济腾飞并进一步向政治大国迈进。然而，在面对60多年前那段同样罪恶的历史时，两国对待侵略历史的态度却大相径庭。德国认真反省，坦诚谢罪，赢得了国际社会的接纳与尊重；日本则肆意歪曲历史，拒不认罪，因而遭到国际社会的强烈谴责。形成如此巨大反差的原因是多方面的。本文侧重从政治环境、地缘环境、文化传统等三个方面探究德、日对待侵略历史态度迥异的深层次原因。 本文分为引言、正文、结语三部分。 引言部分：介绍了本选题的目的、意义，研究内容、研究方法以及国内外研究现状。 正文部分：首先就德、日两国对侵略历史截然相反的态度进行了比较研究，进而对形成如此强烈反差的深层次原因进行了综合分析。 第一章：德国、日本的二战史观迥然不同 主要就德、日两国对侵略战争的认识、对战争赔偿的态度、对后人的历史教育、对右翼势力的抵制等四个方面进行综合比较与历史分析。 第2—4章为全文的重点，分别从不同角度考察分析了德、日两国对待侵略历史态度迥异的深层次原因。具体分述如下： 第二章：德、日两国二战史观迥异之政治环境因素 反法西斯盟国对德国制定了彻底的改造政策，并对德国进行了较彻底的“非纳粹化”运动，这是德国日后能彻底否定纳粹、完全认罪的基础；而美国对日本不完全的非军事化以及东京审判的不彻底，导致日本右翼势力死灰复燃，埋下了日本为侵略历史翻案的祸根。 第三章：德、日两国二战史观迥异之地缘环境因素 地处欧洲中心的德国，在周边强邻的警惕注视和不停敲打的压力下，制定了新的地缘外交战略，积极寻求周边国家的谅解和认可；而在战后远东处于美国压倒性霸权的国际环境下，日本仗恃美国的保护和撑腰，轻视贫弱的亚洲受害国，极大影响了对其侵略历史的深刻反省。 第四章：德、日两国二战史观迥异之历史文化因素 德国的罪感文化和日本的耻感文化；信奉基督教的德国追求理性的民族意识和信奉神道教的日本深受武士道精神影响的狭隘民族意识，这两种文化、两种民族意识是德、日两国对待侵略历史态度迥异的文化根源所在。 结语：德、日两国对侵略历史截然不同的态度和行动，造成了不同的后果和影响。日本只有以史为鉴，效法德国，根除一切不利于和平的言行，才能真正取信于国际社会，确保走和平发展的道路，避免悲剧重演。
Germany and Japan have been the focus of people"s attention in the world nowadays. Both of them have the same developing path from adventure、failure to rise. However, facing the history of aggression 60 years ago, both countries" attitudes are quite different.Germany wins the recognition and respect of the international community by introspecting carefully and apologizing frankly, while Japan distorts the history and refuses to plead guilty, as a result, it is strongly condemned by the international community. The reasons for their different attitudes are various, and the present study tries to reveal the deep-rooted reasons why Germany and Japan have the different attitudes toward the history of aggression from three aspects: political environment, geostrategic environment and cultural tradition. The thesis is made of introduction, main body and conclusion. Introduction: This part introduces the purpose and significance of the present study, describes the content and method of research, and analyzes the overseas and domestic research situation in this research field. Main body: The present study compares the opposite attitudes toward the history of aggression between Germany and Japan, and comprehensively analyzes the deep-seated reasons for their obvious contrast. Chapter One: The different views on the history of World War II between Germany and Japan Chapter one compares the different views between Germany and Japan from four aspects, such as the understanding of the history of aggression, the attitudes toward indemnity for war, the historical education to descendants, and the resistance of right-wing forces. Chapter Two to Four are the most important part of the present study, which analyses the deep-seated reasons why Germany and Japan deal with the history of aggression differently .The specific analysis are as follows: Chapter Two: Political environments lead to the different views on the history of World War II between Germany and Japan The antifascist allies transformed Germany thoroughly and carried out the denazification movement after the Second World War. It is the basis that Germany denies Nazi and confesses guilt completely. On the contrary, the U. S. demilitarized Japan incompletely and Tokyo trial was not thorough, these factors lead to the resurgence of right-wing forces and the reversion of the history of World War II. Chapter Three: Geostrategic environments lead to the different views on the history of World War II between Germany and Japan Germany, locating in the centre of Europe, formulated the new geostrategic diplomatic policy because of vigilant attention and threat of powerful neighbors, and wished to be forgiven and recognized by neighboring countries; However, Japan, with the help of America which is dominant for Far East countries after the war, despised the poor and victimized countries in Asia, and failed to introspect. Chapter Four: History and culture lead to the different views on the history of World War II between Germany and Japan The sense of guilt in German culture and the sense of shame in Japanese culture; the rational national consciousness pursued by Germany which believes in Christianity and the ultranationalism of Japanese influenced by Samurai spirit, these two kinds of cultures and national consciousness are the cultural root of the different attitudes toward the aggressive history. Conclusion: Different attitudes and actions to the history of the Second World War result in different consequences and effects. Learning from the history, Japan should follow the example of Germany, eliminate all words and deeds doing harm to peace. If so, Japan could be trusted by international community, and develop peacefully with the avoidance of the same tragedy.
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