论文标题:旱地高粱渗水地膜覆盖增产机理研究
Study of Mechanism of Increasing Yield of Water-permeability Plastic Film Mulching on Dry Land Sorghum
论文作者 闫心柏
论文导师 郝建平,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 作物栽培学与耕作学
论文单位 山西农业大学,点击次数 91,论文页数 47页File Size3282k
2005-05-18论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_516215122/ 渗水地膜; 高粱; 旱地; 生态效应
water-permeability; plastic film; sorghum; dryland; ecological effect
试验设渗水地膜覆盖、普通地膜覆盖和露地三个处理,采用拉丁方设计,研究了渗水地膜覆盖的生态效应、生物学效应、生理效应和产量效应,结果表明: 1.渗水地膜覆盖具有显著的渗水、保水和提墒作用,各时期渗水地膜覆盖的水分状况优于普通地膜覆盖和露地,提高了旱地高粱自然降水利用率;在高粱生长前期,渗水地膜覆盖的增温、保温效果优于普通地膜覆盖,在生长中、后期地温略低于露地,具一定的缓温效应;渗水地膜覆盖加速了有效养分的转化,其生长发育吸收的土壤营养大于普通地膜覆盖和露地。2.渗水地膜覆盖促进了高粱各器官生长发育进程,其株高、出叶数、次生根数、群体干物质积累量在高粱生长发育过程中一直高于普通地膜覆盖和露地,使得渗水地膜覆盖高粱提早成熟。3.渗水地膜覆盖提高了高粱叶片光合效能并增强了高粱抵抗逆境能力,如叶片叶绿素含量,硝酸还原酶活性,细胞间隙CO2 浓度,净光合速率,气孔导度,蒸腾速率等指标均有不同程度提高,而叶片脯氨酸含量和细胞膜相对透性则低于普通地膜覆盖及露地。4.增产增收效果显著。渗水地膜覆盖与普通地膜覆盖及露地产量差异达0.05 显著水平,比普通地膜覆盖增产1231.66kg/hm2,比露地增产1403.72kg/hm2,分别提高了14.8%和27.2%;渗水地膜覆盖公顷株数、穗粒数、千粒重等产量构成因素以及经济系数、一级枝梗数、穗长等产量性状高于普通地膜覆盖及露地。
The experiment design was Latin square about three treatments including water-permeability plastic film mulching, common plastic film mulching and open ground. The experiment studied ecological effect, biological effect, physiological effect, and yield effect on water-permeability plastic film mulching. The result has showed : 1 . The water-permeability plastic film mulching had obvious effect on water-permeability, preserving soil moisture and increasing soil moisture. and its moisture was superior to the common plastic film mulching’s and the open ground’sin the whole sorghum growing season ,improving efficiency of water application of dry land sorghum. The effect of temperature-increasing and insulation of water-permeability plastic film mulching was superior to the common plastic film mulching’s in sorghum growing prior season. Its soil temperature was lower than the open ground’s in sorghum’s growing middle and final period,which showed the water-permeability plastic film mulching had the effect of lowering soil temperature slowly. In addition ,the water-permeability plastic film mulching accelerated the conversion of effective nutrient, and its consumption of nutrient substance in growing period was more than the other two treatments’. 2.The water-permeability plastic film mulching promoted the growth and development of all sorghum organs, and its plant height, leafing number, second roots, leaf area, and accumulation of population dry matter were always the highest of the three treatments’, so that sorghum of water-permeability plastic film mulching can mature earlier and its first branches’number was larger than the other two treatments’. 3.The water-permeability plastic film mulching increased sorghum leaf’s photosynthesis efficacy and strengthened sorghum’s resisting adversity,for example,its chlorophyll content, nitric acid reductase content, intercellular co2 concentration, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of sorghum leaves are improved to different degrees,while its praline content and cell membrane relative permeability are lower than the other two treatment’s 4.The water-permeability plastic film mulching had eminent effect on increasing yield and income.Its yield was 1403.72kg/hm2 higher than open ground’s, increased by
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