论文标题:中国城市农民工婚姻现状及对策研究 The Research of Peasant Workers" Current Marriage Situation in Chinese Urban and the Countermeasure 论文作者 李晓玲 论文导师 邴正,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学 论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 68,论文页数 48页File Size405k 2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_541092682/ 高等教育 ;市场营销 ;策略 Population System, Population Equations, Population Forecasting,Population Status, Death Rate, Time Series, Gray Model,Neural Networks, Life Table, Migration 婚姻、家庭从人类产生以来,在各个不同的发展阶段有其不同的表现形式。发展到现在,专偶婚即一夫一妻制婚姻成为婚姻家庭的主要表现形式。在我国,农村地区受中国传统文化影响较深,以复合式的家庭为主要表现形式;城市中城市化进程较快,家庭形式主要表现为核心式家庭。而在我国改革开放后出现了一个新的边缘阶层——农民工阶层,他们的婚姻却具有其特殊性,它成为我国的非主流家庭的一个重要组成部分。它的这种非主流性引起了许多的社会问题,需要社会学者对此予以大量的关注。到底农民工婚姻有什么特殊性,引发了什么样的社会问题,我们应该对此采取什么样的措施,这些就是本文所要关注和研究的。本文在已有的研究成果的基础上,通过引用我国各主要大城市中的相关数据及笔者对长春市农民工婚姻状况的调查,强调了研究农民工婚姻问题的重要性,应引起广泛的关注。并且,通过对长春市农民工婚姻的大量个案研究,对城市农民工婚姻状况进行了分析,分为五大类来讨论。由此指出了农民工婚姻形成的原因:现代化引起人口迁移导致的非稳态非常态的婚姻家庭;中国现存的城乡差别、户籍制度造成身份错位;打工者的生活流动性使他们的婚姻“出轨”,无法纳入传统模式,又非现代模式的失稳、失衡状态;思想文化差异导致婚姻障碍。正是这些原因导致了城市农民工婚姻的非主流性,产生了如下的问题:农村社会结构不稳定,家庭结构不完整;农民工婚外情的多发,引发大量的犯罪现象,导致社会的不稳定;农民工的婚姻使子女得不到正常的教育;农民工的这些婚姻形式不利于其身心健康的发展。城市农民工婚姻产生的问题的根本原因就是其非主流性,要求我们对此有一个对策性的研究。通过对农民工婚姻的状况、形成的原因及产生的问题的分析,本文提出了对策性的研究,得出了以下的结论: 城市农民工婚姻现象在不断的扩大,但它并不是当代婚姻的主流,而其所产生的问题却需要我们引起足够的重视。城市农民工的婚姻是中国转型时期的过渡现象,它不是不可克服的,我们要通过体制转换来解决这一问题。正常的婚姻要求有正常的经济、政策、身份、氛围的支持,我们要解决农民工婚姻问题,把它纳入婚姻的主流,就要建立一个正常的社会环境。要解决这一问题主要从以下几个方面入手:农民工的大量涌入城市,城市中要做好疏导和安置工作与此同时也需要农村采取相应的合理化措施,防止盲目的、超经济限度的流动,实现婚姻模式的正常化。提出相应的政策减少农民工进城务工已成为势在必行的行为,而这些政策的制定不仅要求城市做好对进城市农民工的疏导和安置工作,也同时要求农村地区也要提出相应的合理化措施,以吸引进城农民工返乡,或者吸引农民在农村工作。在城市,各地区和有关部门可以对进城的农民工有一定的限制,但又要保证进城的农民工能得到相应的权利,在此基础上还要取消农民工就业的职业工种的限制,保证农民工自由选择职业的权利,基本权利保障后,城市还有责任对农民工制定相应的培训计划以期提高农民工的综合素质;在农村,要求农村要深化改革,除了适当地,暂时地鼓励一部分人到城市里打工之外,也要有吸引这部分人回到家乡来,促进农村的城市化进程。(二)尽快缩小城乡差别、改革户籍制度,实现身份转换,使身份界限淡化。农民工希望能早日改革户籍制度,只有这样才能使农民工在城市中得到与城市中工人一样的合理而公平的待遇,使他们能有一个平和的生存环境。而在另一方面,正是由于户籍制度、城乡差别,城市农民工受到了不同程度的歧视和不公平待遇。城市农民工的婚姻受到了城乡差别和户籍制度的阻碍,因此要改善城乡差别与户籍制度,没了城乡差别和户籍制度,农民工婚姻的特殊性的存在基础也就消失了,他们的婚姻仍是主体化的婚姻模式,对个人和社会起着相应的积极的作用。(三)加强城市农民工的思想道德和法律文化教育,使农民工充分地融入城市中并消除由此产生的大量的犯罪问题。城市农民工的思想道德发展了,文化程度增加了,自然而然,城市的整体素质就上来了,也很自然地能充分利用法律来保障自己的合法权益了。那些在城市里的犯罪现象也就相应地减少了,城市居民的偏见也就少了,城市农民工可以很轻松地在城市里定居工作,并能融入到城市的社区中去,把城市当作自己的归属,促进城市的发展。(四)加强农村的婚姻建设,在城市中解决农民工子女的养育和老人养老的问题,建立有利于农民工的社会保障制度。要加强农村的婚姻建设,主张自由恋爱结婚,这会减少家庭问题的产生;要加强针对于农民工的社会保障的提出,把农民工纳入城镇社会保障体系中,实现农民工社会保障的流动。婚姻家庭是社会的基本原素,它是一个生活的共同体,不需要长期的分居。适合当代社会的婚姻才是婚姻的主流,正常的婚姻也要有其正常的条件。农民工的婚姻要进入婚姻主流就需要全体社会成员努力为其营造正常的氛围,看到农民工婚姻存在的问题,并能提出根本性的解决途径,这是一个长期的、需要不断实践和摸索的问题,本文也仅仅是从一定的角度对此问题进行了对策性的分析,还需要更深入的,更进一步? Since the mankind produces,there is its different form of expression at developing stage different one by one in the marriage 、family。Developing till now,the even wedding namely monogamy marriage become the main forms of expression of the marriage and family specially。In our country,it is relatively deep that the rural area is influenced by China‘s traditional culture,regard family of the compounding type as the main form of expression。City process very fast urbanization have,family form is show as the core type family。A new edge stratum has appeared after our country’s reform and opening-up –stratum,peasant worker,marriage of them have particularity their,it become non-mainstream an important component of family of our country。Non- mainstream causes a lot of social concerns,need social scholar to give a large number of concerns to this。What particularity there are peasant workers marriages on earth,what kind of social concern is caused,we should what kind of measure does it take to this,these is what the text pays close attention to and study to want。 This text is on the basis of existing research results,through quoting relevant datum and my survey of peasant workers marital status of Changchun of the all main big city of our country, put emphasis on the importance of studying peasant workers marriage question,and this should cause the extensive concern。And, through a large number of case study of the marriage to the peasant workers of Changchun city,have analysed the urban peasant workers marital status。It is divided into five big classes and discussed。 Therefore has pointed out the reason why peasant workers marriage forms:It was not that stable state、 not the marriage and family of the normality that the modernization caused population migration to cause:The extant differentials between town and country of China,household register system cause the status to misplace;Temporary workers" life mobility makes their marriage” overstep the limit “, it is unable to include in the traditional mode、steady、out-of-balance state of mistake of the non- modern mode; The thought cultural difference causes the marriage obstacle。It is reason these that cause urban peasant workers marriage getting non-mainstream,have produced the question of the following;The rural social structure is unstable,family"s structure is incomplete; The pilosity of peasant workers extramarital affair,cause a large number of crime phenomena,cause the unstability of the society;The peasant worker"s marriage makes children unable to get normal education;These marriage forms of the peasant workers are unfavorable to its physically and mentally healthy development。Urban peasant worker basic reason of issue that marriage produce their getting non-mainstream,require us to have a countermeasure research to this。 Through to state, reason and analysis of question of production that form of marriage,peasant workers,this text has put forward countermeasure research,have drawn the following conclusions: The urban peasant workers marriage phenomenon,in constant enlargement ,but it is not a mainstream of the contemporary marriage ,and the question produced by it really needs us to cause enough attention。The marriage of urban peasant workers is a transition phenomenon of period that China makes the transition, it can not be overcome,we will change and solve this problem through the system。The normal marriage demands to have normal economy 、support of the policy 、 identity 、atmosphere,we want to solve peasant workers` marriage problem,bring it within the mainstream of the marriage, will set up a normal social environment soon。Solve this problem and start with several following respects mainly: Firstly,peasant workers pour into city in a large amount,city is it is it need countryside take corresponding rationalized measure too meanwhile to do the work of dredging and finding a room for well to want,prevent the flow of the blind,ultra economic limit, realize the
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