论文标题:当前我国城市贫困问题的研究与思考
On The Issue of Urban Poverty In Contemporary China
论文作者 陈雅丽
论文导师 刘祖云,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 81,论文页数 54页File Size2177k
2001-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_549728197/ 转型期,城市贫困,贫困原因,社会保障,对策
transitional period;urban poverty;the causes of poverty;social security;countermeasures
中国正处在由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转型的特定历史时期，城市贫困问题是转型期一个全新的社会问题，也是社会各界广泛关注的一个热点问题。 本文从社会学的视角出发，首先阐释了城市贫困的含义，并对城市贫困的衡量标准作了较为详细的介绍；然后分别从区域分布、行业分布、职业分布、文化素质分布四个方面讨论了我国城市贫困的分布状况；从生活状况和心理状况两个方面考察了城市贫困人口的现状；并较为深入的分析了我国城市贫困问题产生的原因，在此基础上提出了缓解和控制城市贫困的方法与对策。 本文认为，我国城市贫困问题产生的原因有： （一）从历史因素来看，人口压力太大和生产力水平不高是我国城市贫困问题产生的深层的历史性原因。 （二）从社会经济原因来看，主要有三个方面：1．国有企业的制度缺陷造成大面积亏损，使城市贫困问题难以解决。2．社会保障制度改革滞后，弱化了社会对城市贫困人口的救助。3．传统的就业用工制度妨碍了城市贫困人口的自主脱贫。 （三）从个人及家庭原因来看：1．家庭人口结构的影响：城市贫困人口多是家庭人口多、就业人口少的大家庭或多子女家庭。2．家庭成员文化素质的影响：贫困家庭的就业者一般文化素质低、缺乏专业技术。 本文提出的缓解和控制城市贫困的方法与对策有： （一）在发展中促进就业：1．保持经济持续快速稳定增长。2．增加投入，大规模的开展基础设施建设。3．调整产业结构，积极开辟第三产业的就业渠道。4．提倡发展非公有制经济。 （二）以制度创新治理城市贫困：1．深化国企改革。2．建立、健全统一的社会保障体系。3．加强再就业工程建设。 （三）以人力资源开发治理城市贫困：通过对贫困人口的培训和教育提高他们的文化素质和技术素质，协助他们自主脱贫。
China is in the period of transforming from planned economy to market-oriented economy. The urban poverty is a completely new social problem in the society. From the perspective of sociology, the article, Firstly, gives a clear explanation of the meaning of urban poverty, and gives a detailed introduction of the measuring standards of urban poverty; Secondly, the article discusses the distributing conditions of Chinese urban poverty; Thirdly, focusing on the living condition and mental condition, the article analyses the urban poor"s life; Fourthly, the article thoroughly analyses the reasons of Chinese urban poverty. At the last, the author gives some solutions and countermeasures. The author thinks that the reasons of Chinese urban poverty lie in the following three aspects: 1. From the historical point of view, there are the following two aspects need to be improved: a. the excessive pressure of population; b. the low level of productivity. 2.From the social and economic point of view, there are three important reasons: a. the long-lasting loss incurred in the state enterprises; b. the reform of social security system is relatively slow; c. the traditional employing system obstructs the urban poor from shaking off poverty. 3.From the personal and family point of view, two aspects need to be improved: a. the family population structure; b. the cultural level of family members. The author gives the following solutions and countermeasures: first, to promote the employment in the process of development; second, to alleviate the urban poverty through institutional innovation; third, to alleviate the urban poverty through exploiting human resources.
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