论文标题:中山市小榄镇城镇绿地生态研究——绿地调查、评价与规划
Ecological Studies of the Green Space in Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan City
论文作者 李伟华
论文导师 陈章和,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 植物学
论文单位 华南师范大学,点击次数 87,论文页数 105页File Size4398k
2002-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_551524657/ 绿地;行道树;树种调查;环境;评估;城市生态;景观生态;城市绿地生态系统;绿地生态规划
green land;street tree;tree survey;environment;evaluation;urban ecology;landscape ecology;the eco-system of urban green space;green space ecological planning
本文主要研究了中山市小榄镇城镇绿地的植物种类组成、绿地的功能及分布。运用城市生态学与景观生态学相结合的方法，对小榄镇城镇绿地做出规划。 中山市小榄镇城镇绿地有植物105科433种，植物种类丰富。人均公共绿地面积为5.02m~2，绿化覆盖率为33.3％。建成区有公园4个，游憩设施齐全，占地27.6hm~2。街头绿地多处，占地4.35hm~2。道路绿化初具规模，新城区道路绿树成荫，为乔、灌、草复合结构，景观效果优美；旧城区街道狭窄，道路绿化为乔木单层结构。新城区居住区——金菊花园有中心花园、庭院绿地，环境优美，绿地率在30％以上；旧城区居住区——新永路民居，人口密集，建筑拥挤，绿地率几乎为0。在单位附属绿地中，今日集团、固力集团、永大胶粘、小榄中学、镇政府等单位，绿化较好，部分学校、工厂对绿化不重视，没有绿地。苗圃区生产绿地占地8000亩，是全国最大的花木生产基地之一，苗木销往全国各地。总体来讲，小榄镇绿地植物丰富多彩，苗圃与花木场植物种类最多，其次是公园，行道树植物种类最少。开花乔木在公园绿地中应用较多，美化效果显著。灌木种类中花灌木和色叶灌木的应用也很广泛，在公园和新城区街道常见。垂直绿化应用较少，藤本植物的种类尚需进一步挖掘。 在美学功能方面，人民公园与龙山公园景观类型丰富，美学效果优良。 在环境功能方面，公园绿地中CO_2浓度最低，为304.6ppm；公园绿地中空气负离子浓度最高，于人民公园雒水岐小瀑布跌水处可达5760个／cm~3，空气质量指数Ci值远远超过1，平均为7.69；空气含菌量为561个／m~3，为环境空气最清洁区。 镇郊及苗圃区域CO_2浓度分别为310.4ppm和309.8ppm，处于公园和街道之间。苗圃区Ci值为0.52，处于0.5—0.69之间，空气含菌量为603个／m~3，环境空气属于清洁区。 旧城区新永路民居人口密集，建筑拥挤，CO_2浓度高达327.6ppm；新城区金菊花园居住小区建筑布局合理，房前屋后留有较大面积的绿地，CO_2浓度较低，为306.7ppm，仅次于公园绿地。新永路民居Ci值为0.29，环境空气质量刚好达到污染临界值；金菊花园Ci值为0.65，处于0.5—0.69之间，空气含菌量为5742 中英文摘要个／m’，仅次于公园绿地的空气含菌量，环境空气属于中等清洁区。 旧城区街道街道狭窄，车流量大，CO。浓度普遍较高，为323．lppth；新城区街道道路宽广，车流量较小，CO。浓度较低，为 312．oppm；新、旧城区街道的空气负离子浓度和含菌量相差不大，负离子平均为 224个／cm’，含菌量平均为2453／m’个，Ci值为0．17，环境空气质量属于较轻污染区。 小揽车站广场空气负离子浓度最低，只有 92个／cmZ，Ci值为 0．03，处于 0刀9以下，空气含菌量为2461个／m’，属于较重污染区。 小榄镇城区总体CO。浓度平均为3 13．4ppm，空气含菌量平均为1784个／m’，．空气负离子浓度平均为 1057个／cm’，空气质量指数 Ci p均为 1·12，环境空气属于最清洁区，空气质量优良。 在生态功能方面，公园及街头绿地植物种类丰富，多样性水平较高，学校、居住区、其它单位附属绿地植物种类较少，多样性水平较低。 小揽镇城区绿地较少，且分布不均匀，结合其道路规划及城镇建设规划，运用城市生态学和景观生态学的相关理论，坚持生态优先的原则，兼顾景观效果，规划小榄镇城区绿地生态系统为一个“一线、一中心、一带、两环”的环网式结构。子城区东北至西南方向斜串联布局“升平东一兴宁路”线状廊道；以体育中心为中心兴建小榄镇城区中心公园；沿长堤一东堤一南堤改造河涌绿化，建设带状河涌廊道；建设外环和内环两条绿色环状廊道。并于城区上风方向——东生路南侧构建镇郊生态防护林，逐步与位于城区南向的苗圃生产绿地相联结，构成小揽镇城区东南方向的生态防护林网。环网式结构绿地生态系统具有相对的稳定性，使各组景观具有相对的连续性和良好的可达性，使小榄镇处于绿色环绕之中，生态环境优良。 结合小揽镇的绿地分布现状及城镇建设规划，对增加城区绿地面积、提高绿化覆盖率和发挥绿地最大生态效益提出具体措施。
This thesis studies the composition of planting species, function and distribution of green space in Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan City. The eco-system of Xiaolan green land is planned by applying relative theories of urban ecology and landscaping ecology.Xiaolan Town covers a large variety of garden plants including 105 families and 433 species. Public green land per capita is 5.02m2, and the coverage of greening 33.3%. In the urban area, there are 4 parks occupying 27.6 hm2, which are completely equipped with entertainment facilities and several plots of street green space of 4.35hm2. Street greening begins to take shape. The new urban areas are densely dotted with green trees, which consist of arbors, shrubs and grass. However, the street of the old urban area is narrow and its greenery is simply composed of single layer arbors. The new urban area, Jinju Garden, whose green land accounts for over 30% of the area, possesses central garden and courtyard green belt while the old urban area, Xinyong Road residential area, is densely populated and is crowded with houses with hardly any green land. Some green belts attached to units such as Today Group, Guli Corporation, Yongda Company, Xiaolan Middle School and the local government are well done with greening. Conversely, some schools and factories attach little importance to greening and even have no green land. The nursery in this town covering 8000 hm2 is one of the biggest bases for flower culturing in China, and seedlings are sold all over the country. In general, garden plants in Xiaolan town are abundant and varied, most of which are nursery and flower farmland. Varieties and richness of plants in parks are ranked the second. In contrast, there are much fewer street trees. Efflorescent arbors are widely cultivated in parks, having strongdecorating effects. In addition, flowering shrubberies and colorful shrubberies are also effectively planted in parks and streets. Nevertheless, perpendicular greening is seldom used, and species of lianas need to be further researched into.As far as the aesthetic function is concerned, People"s Park and Longshan Park are rich in landscape types with great aesthetic effects.As for the environmental function, C02 concentration in parks is 304.6ppm. Air negative-ion concentration in waterfall in People"s Park is 5760/cm3, which is the highest of the whole town. Air quality index (Ci) is 7.69 and the amount of bacteria 561/m3. The environmental air is the cleanest in parks, compared with other areas in the town.The concentration of C02in suburbs and nursery is 310.4ppm and 309.8ppm respectively, which is between that of parks and streets. In nursery, Ci is 0.52, which is between 0.5 and 0.69. The amount of bacteria is 603/m3and the environment air clean.The old urban area - Xingyong Road residential area is crowded with inhabitants and buildings, where the concentration of C02 reaches as high as 327.6ppm. Whereas, the new urban area - Jinju Garden is well planned with larger area of green land. The concentration of C02 is relatively lower, 306.7ppm, secondary to that in parks. In the case of Xingyong Road residential area, Ci is 0.29, and air quality arrives almost at the critical point of air pollution. Ci in Jinju Garden is 0.65, between 0.5 -0.69, and the amount of bacteria is 574/m3, next to that in parks. The environmental air is medium clean.The street in old urban areas is narrow with busy traffic with the concentration of C02 relatively higher, 323.1ppm, while the street in new urban areas is wide with light traffic so that C02 concentration is lower, only 312.0ppm. As far as concentration of air negative-ion and bacteria are concerned, there is no significant difference between new and old urban areas. On the average, air negative-ion is 224/cm3, the amount of bacteria 2453/m3 and Ci 0.17. Air is slightly polluted.At the bus station, the negative-ion is as low as 92/cm3 and Ci 0.03, which is below 0.09. The amount of bacteria is 2461/m3 and air is seriously polluted.On an average, in the urban a
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