论文标题:鄂西南地区大叶黄杨病害现状及防治对策研究
Study on the Current Situation and Prevention Countermeasure of Euonymus Japonicus Thunb Diseases in Southwest Hubei Province
论文作者
论文导师 徐有明,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 农业推广
论文单位 华中农业大学,点击次数 27,论文页数 48页File Size4060K
2006-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_555943797/
Euonymus japonicus Thumb disease;; current situation;; prevention countermeasure;; Southwest of Hubei Province
大叶黄杨Euonymus japonicus Thunb作为常用园林绿化树种，广泛应用于园林绿化。从文献资料看，我国大叶黄杨病害发生较为普遍，而鄂西南地区大叶黄杨病害发生情况未见报道。本课题从野外调查入手，通过发病期观察、病原物的分离培养、生物学特性研究、室内药效试验及田间防治试验，弄清了鄂西南地区大叶黄杨病害发生现状，并提出了一定的防治对策。 经调查，鄂西南地区大叶黄杨病害主要有大叶黄杨白粉病Oidium euonymi-japo-nicae(Arc)Sacc、大叶黄杨叶斑病Cercospora destructiva Rav、大叶黄杨炭疽病Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz、大叶黄杨疮痂病Sphaceloma euonymi-japonici Kurosawa和大叶黄杨白绢病Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc。以大叶黄杨白粉病发生最为严重，大叶黄杨叶斑病次之，大叶黄杨疮痂病和大叶黄杨白绢病发生较轻。 鄂西南地区大叶黄杨白粉病4月上旬开始发病，5月下旬达发病高峰，7中旬—8下旬病害停滞发展，9月上旬—11月上旬病害再次发生，10月下旬再达发病高峰；大叶黄杨叶斑病5月上旬开始发病，6月中旬达发病高峰，9月上旬—11月上旬病害发生再次较重，10月上旬又达发病高峰；大叶黄杨炭疽病5月下旬开始发生，6下旬—9月中旬病害发生较重，一直到11月份才停止发展；大叶黄杨疮痂病5月中旬开始发病，6月上旬进入高潮，7月下旬至9月中旬发病较轻，9月下旬至10月发病率又显著上升；大叶黄杨白绢病6月上旬开始发病，7月下旬到8月下旬病害发展缓慢，到9月上旬又开始加重，10月上旬才停止发病。 对病原物生物学特性研究发现，病原菌对营养、光照要求不严，但喜偏酸环境。其中Oidium euonymi-japonicae(Arc)Sacc的分生孢子在5℃—30℃、相对湿度98％以上、pH2—10均可萌发。Cercospora destructiva Rav的分生孢子在10℃—30℃、相对湿度70％以上均可萌发。Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz在10℃—35℃、酸性和弱碱环境均可生长，分生孢子在10℃—35℃，相对湿度98％以上，pH3—8的环境中都能萌发。Sphaceloma euonymi-japonici Kurosawa在5℃—35℃、pH2—10时均可生长，分生孢子在10℃—35℃、相对湿度50％以上、pH3—9均可萌发。Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc在10℃—35℃、酸性和弱碱环境中均可生长，菌核在15℃—40℃、90％以上的相对湿度、pH2—10的环境中均能萌发。 从病害发生现状看，高温多湿的环境是发病主要因素，同时栽培管理又是病害发生的主要诱因，栽植密度过大、土壤贫瘠、通透性差、易积水、管理粗放、生长衰弱等都有利于病害的发生。因此要防治大叶黄杨病害，首先要加强栽培管理，控制栽植密度，通风透光，增强树势，结合修剪整形及时除去病叶病梢，提高抗病力。其次在病害发生初期和盛期，可用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂、70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂、50％代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和75％百菌清可湿性粉剂800倍液进行化学防治。
Euonymus japonicus Thumb, as a common tree used in afforestion of guard, iswidely used in afforestion of guard. According to the literature material, Euonymusjaponicus Thumb disease occurred universally in our country. But it did not happen insouthwest Hubei Province. The paper began from investigation in open country. Throughobserving at the time of disease, separation and cultivation of pathogen, research of thecharacteristic in biology, experiment of medical effect in the room, prevention andtreatment in the field, we found the present state that Euonymus japonicus Thumb diseaseoccurs, and put forward some countermeasures of prevention and treatment. The types of Euonymus japonicus Thumb diseases are mainly as follows: Oidiumeuongmi-japonicae (Arc) Sacc, Cercospora destructiva Rav, Colletotrichumgloeosporioides Penz, Sphaceloma euonymi-japonici Kurosawa and Sclerotium rolfsiiSacc after the investigation. Oidium euongmi-japonicae (Arc) Sacc was most serious, theless Cercospora destructiva Rav, the lest Sphaceloma euonymi-japonici Kurosawa andSclerotium rolfsii Sacc occurred seldom. Oidium euongmi-japonicae (Arc) Sacc often begins at the first ten days of April, itreaches the apex in the late of May, it stops to develop in the middle July in the late ofAugust. At the beginning of September to the first 10 days of November, the diseasereoccurs. And in the late of October, the disease reaches the apex once more. Cercosporadestructiva Rav begins at the early of May. It reaches the apex in the middle of June and itis more serious in the early of September to the early of November, which reaches theapex in the early of October. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz begins at the late ofMay; it gets more serious in the late of June to the middle of September. The disease endsin November. Sphaceloma euonymi-japonici Kurosawa begins at the middle of May; itreaches the apex in the first ten days of June. In the late of July to the middle of August,the disease is less serious. But in the late of September to October, it is getting worse.Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc begins at the first ten days of June, it develops slowly in the late ofJuly to the late of August. But in the early of September, it is getting worse and it ends inthe early of October. To the research of characteristic in pathogen biology, it was fbunded that therequest of disease germ for the nutrition and the illumination were lax, but it was suitablefoe the acid environment.It showed that conidia of Oidium euongmijaponicae (Arc) Sacc could sprouted under the condition of the temperature around 5℃-30℃, the relativehumidity above 98%,with pH2～10. Conidia of Cercospora destructiva Ray couldsprouted under the condition of the temperature around 10℃-30℃, the relative humidityabove 70%. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz might grow in the environment of thetemperature around10℃-35℃and acidity and alkali, its conidia could sprout in theenvironment of the temperature around10℃-35℃, relative humidity above 98%, pH3-8.Sphaceloma euonymi-japonici Kurosawa might grow in the environment of temperaturearound10℃-35℃, PH2～10, its conidia could sprout in the environment of thetemperature around10℃-35℃, relative humidity above 50%, pH3-9. Sclerotium rolfsiiSacc might grow in the environment of the temperature around10℃-35℃and acidity andalkali; its sclerotia could sprout in the environment of the temperature around15℃-40℃,relative humidity above 90%, pH2-10. Discovered from the present state of the disease, the environment of the hightemperature and dampness was the primary factor causing the disease; meanwhilemanagement of the plantings was also the main cause which the disease occurred. Theexcessive density of transplant, the barren soil, ponding easily, the extensive managementand weak growth etc. will benefit to the diseases therefore. In order to preventEuonymus japonicus Thumb disease, we should strengthen the management, control thedensity of planting, ventilate and penetrate the trees, combine pruning of trees, removethe disease leaves and disease tree top, and improve the ability to resist the disease.Secondly at the beginning and prime period of disease, we could use 50% CarbendazimWP, 70% Thiophanate-methyl WP, 50%Mancozeb WP, 75%Chlorothalonil WP diluting800 times to prevent and cure the disease.
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