论文标题:基于有机认证完善的东北地区有机食品产业发展研究
Research on the Development of Organic Food Industry in Northeast Area Based on the Amplification of Organic Certification
论文作者
论文导师 黄清,论文学位 博士,论文专业 林业经济管理
论文单位 东北林业大学,点击次数 52,论文页数 138页File Size10223K
2007-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_56810272/
Organic Certification Institution;Organic Food Industry; Northeast Area; Path for Development
本文从有机认证制度层面，动态观察有机食品产业发展条件：既关注有机认证制度的功能，又重视其如何在经济环境的变迁中演化。对比分析中外发展经验，结合我国东北地区实际条件，着眼全局，提出发展途径。 在文献回顾的基础上，明确有机认证制度是市场经济发展的产物，我国东北地区市场化程度低，发展有机食品产业应从有机认证制度层面思考。根据研究需要，构建解释问题的理论框架，选择理论工具。首先运用信息不对称理论、博弈论、制度变迁理论与集体行动论等理论工具，构造了有机认证制度创立与变迁的理论模型，并以《欧盟有机法案》与《日本JAS法》等为案例进行了检验。得出主要结论为，协调交易双方行为是有机认证制度创立的直接动因，有机农业的综合效益是国家参与制度变迁的动力；有机食品交易中的内在规则是从市场竞争中演化而来，提高了外在规则的实施效果；因制度不均衡出现获利机会，吸引个体、组织、国家推动制度的变迁；在开放经济中，贸易保护主义是有机食品国际贸易自由化的障碍并阻碍国际互认；制度变迁的充分必要条件是：目标形态制度安排的预期净收益现值大于既存制度安排预期净收益现值与制度变迁成本之和；从国际层面看，有机认证制度的需求国家与供给国家常常是重叠的。 其次，建立了基于有机认证完善的两种经济条件下的政府管理模型，提出假说并推论：市场经济国家政府以市场对资源配置发挥基础性作用及预期收益大于预期成本为原则，以处理“市场失灵”问题为主，推动产业发展；转型经济国家政府由于市场经验不足通过学习借鉴先进发展经验；同时通过不断“试错”与摸索，在损失既定的条件下，并非过于计较，而是积极尝试谋求发展。总体来看，与市场经济国家相比转型经济国家政府要付出更高的学习成本，面对更多的不确定性。借助欧盟成员国与我国有机食品产业发展实践检验了上述假说，经验事实与推论基本一致。 再次，综合运用以上假说，诠释典型有机认证制度，透过观察演化性制度，指出政府与企业在制度及其所处经济环境的约束下，怎样推动有机食品产业的发展，并以此为基础分析了我国有机食品产业的现状。鉴于当前有机认证制度“国际化”特征及我国的改革背景，立足于国家层面，阐述了政府推动有机食品产业发展的社会效益与经济效益，以“因地制宜”为原则，分析了发展东北地区有机食品产业的优势与劣势。 最后，借助上述理论分析框架与结论，以深化我国市场经济体制改革为价值取向，从理论与实践两个层面，提出发展途径。在理论层面上，界定了完善认证制度的主体与实现机制，明确指导思想与原则要求，综合考虑我国经济发展的阶段特征与东北地区的现实条件，提出七条发展途径。在实践层面上，以调查研究为依据，提出两点构想。
This paper aims to dynamically observe the conditions for the development of organic food industry from the perspective of organic certification institution, and points out that both the function of the organic certification institution and the changes in its economic environment should be paid enough attention to. This paper makes a comparative analysis to the experiences in the development of the industry at home and abroad, comprehensively examines the actual conditions in the northeast, and puts forward the path for the organic food industry. Having reviewed the documents, the paper clarifies the problem it wishes to solve. Organic certification institution is the product of the development of market economy. The market in northeast China is not very well developed, so to develop organic food industry, we should first consider the aspects related to the organic certification institution. According to the needs of study, we should establish the theoretical framework to explain the problem on hand, and select the theoretical tool. The paper applies the theory of asymmetric information, game theory, the theory of system change, and the theory of collective movement, and puts forward the theoretical model for the establishment and change of the organic certification institution. Then, using the cases of EU Organic Law and JAS, the paper examines the model it puts forward. It holds the conclusion that to coordinate the conducts of the two parties in the business is the direct motive for the establishment of the organic certification institution, and that the comprehensive benefits of organic agriculture are the motivating power of the state"s participation of the change in the system. The paper also holds that the internal rules of organic food deals evolve from market competition and also improve the effect of the implementation of the external rules. The unbalance in the system creates the opportunity of profits, and thus attracts individuals, organizations, as well as nations to push forward the changes in the system. In an open economy, local trade protectionism is a barrier to the international free trade of organic food industry. The sufficient and necessary condition for the institutional change is that expected net incomes of objective form of institutional arrange more than the sum of the expected net income of original institutional arrange and cost of institutional change. Globally speaking, the demand countries and the supply countries of organic certification institution are often overlapping. In addition, this paper establishes the government control models of organic food industry in two modes of economy. The paper proposes a hypothesis and further infers that the principle of the government in market-economy states should be its basic function in resource distribution and that the expected earning should be more than the expected cost. To treat the malfunction of the market should be its primary function. As for the government in a transitional period, since it does not enjoy much experience, it should learn from the advanced countries and accumulate experience from mistakes. Such governments should experiment actively to seek their own development, and not consider too much about the possible costs and losses. Generally, compared with the market-economy states, states in the transitional period would pay higher price in the process of learning and face more uncertainties. This paper verifies this hypothesis through examining the development experiences of our country and that of the EU members. Both the experiences and facts roughly coincide with my inference. Furthermore, this paper comprehensively applies the hypothesis above and explains the typical organic certification institution. Through the observation on evolutional system, it points out how the government and the enterprise can promote the development of the organic food industry under the influence of the system and their economic environment. On this basis, the paper further analyzes the features of organic food industry in our country. Considering the internationalized feature of organic certification institution and the reform background of our country, the paper illustrates the political and economic benefits of the government"s promotion of the development of organic food industry. In line with the local conditions, the paper also analyzes the advantage of resources in the development of organic food industry in the northeast, and points out its disadvantage in the system. Lastly, on the basis of the theoretical analysis and the conclusion made above, the paper takes the deepening of the reform of the economical system in our country as the value orientation, points out the path for its development from theory and practice. Theoretically speaking, determine subject and realizing mechanism of amplification of the certification institution, clarifies the basic guiding principles for the development of organic food industry in the northeast, and points out the seven paths for its development. From the practice, basic on investigation and researching, points out two ideas.
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