论文标题:不同苜蓿（Medicago Sativa）品种抗逆性、生产性能及品质特性研究
Study and Evaluation on Resistances, Production and Quality Characteristics of Different Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) Varieties
论文作者 韩清芳
论文导师 贾志宽,论文学位 博士,论文专业 作物栽培学与耕作学
论文单位 西北农林科技大学,点击次数 634,论文页数 160页File Size8052k
2003-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_574252/ 抗逆性;生产胜能;品质;综合评价;苜蓿品种
Resistant characteristics,Productive characteristics,Quality,Comprehensive evaluation,Alfalfa varieties
苜蓿作为优良牧草，在生态建设及农业结构调整中具有重要的地位与作用。为了促进西部退耕种草工程的实施，满足农业结构调整中扩大饲料(草)作物的种植面积，增加畜牧业经济比例的需求，本文针对我国苜蓿生产的落后现状，对31个国内外苜蓿品种的抗逆性、生产性能及品质特性，通过生理试验、田间观测、数学模拟及综合分析方法进行了系统的研究，为国外引进苜蓿品种的国内应用提供了依据。主要研究结论如下： 1．抗旱性研究结果表明：在干旱胁迫下，不同苜蓿品种间的细胞伤害率有显著的不同；不同苜蓿品种离体叶片保水力之间存在差异；不同苜蓿品种叶片气孔扩散阻力和蒸腾强度(相对值)不同。21个苜蓿品种抗旱性的系统聚类分析表明：高抗旱苜蓿品种为：爱林+Z、牧歌401+Z、超级阿波罗、美国杂交熊、侵略者、爱菲尼特+Z、巨人201+Z；低抗旱苜蓿品种为：爱博、中苜1号、超级13R、保丰苜蓿、德国大叶熊、中兰1号；其余为中抗旱苜蓿品种。 2．对19个苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性进行鉴定，聚类分析将不同苜蓿品种划分为高、中、低耐盐品种，高耐盐类品种为射手、卫士302+Z、路宝和巨人201+Z等4个品种；中耐盐类品种为中苜一号、牧野、爱林+Z、爱博和超级13R等一类；牧歌401+Z、美国杂交熊、爱维兰、中兰1号、保丰苜蓿、全能+Z、侵略者、超级阿波罗、改革者+Z、爱菲尼特+Z等10个为低耐盐类品种。 3．对17个品种的的抗旱、抗寒、耐热及耐盐性等抗逆性的综合评价结果表明，从适应西北地区气候特点来分析，巨人201、侵略者、爱林+Z、美国杂交熊、超级阿波罗、牧野、爱维兰、卫士302和全能+Z抗旱、抗寒性较好，具有良好的适应性，可以进行引进种植。 4．对31个苜蓿品种的10个生物学性状进行逐步回归分析，结果表明节间数、侧枝数、叶宽和单茎重4个生物学性状指标对产量的贡献显著，由此建立了产量与生物性状间的最优回归方程。对31个苜蓿品种的生物学性状表现进行了综合评判。通过模糊聚类将31个品种聚为好、稍好、一般、稍差和差5类；生物学性状表现好的品种为牧野、卫士302、戴尔、巨人201、牧歌、德国大叶熊、全能+Z和胜利者；表现差的品种为爱林+Z、吉斯88、竞争者和哥伦布。 5．对31个苜蓿品种的生长动态研究证明：生育期内生物量与株高动态均符合Logistic曲线。方程参数表明生物量快速累积期、株高快速生长期均处于分枝末期～现蕾期，与最大绝对生长速率和相对生长速率的出现时期一致，确定分枝未期～现蕾期为苜蓿的水分临界期。生物量方程各参数表明，生物量潜力在品种间具有差异，中兰1号、戴尔、哥伦布、牧歌401、侵略者的生物量积累潜力较大，可以通过栽培措施提高产量。 6．对不同苜蓿的群落结构分析表明，苜蓿总生物量在各层次的分布情况大致为不规则菱形结构，属于上繁型牧草。射手、兼用型、牧野和戴尔具有良好的株型结构，具不同首稽品种抗逆性、生产性能及品质特性研究有高产和优质的潜力。 7.不同茬次首稽品种的再生速度存在显著性差异。其中第一茬的再生速度最大，第二茬次之，第三茬最小。德国大叶熊、北疆首稽、超级13R的再生性能较好，耐刘割，使用的年限较长;朝阳首楷、保丰首稽、吉斯88的再生性较差。 8.不同首稽品种的产量差异比较明显，北疆首稽、牧歌401、爱菲尼特的年总产量较高，在当地的经济性能较好。不同茬次的产量存在显著性差异，其中第一茬的产量最高，占全年总产量的51%;第二茬、第三茬的产量分别占全年总产量的35%、14%。 9.利用突变评价方法对不同首稽品种生产性能进行综合评价，排在前十位的品种为牧歌401、胜利者、全能+Z、德国大叶熊、牧野、戴尔、卫士302、201巨人、北疆首稽和兼用型，说明这十个品种在试验当地的适应性较好，具有较好的生产性能，可以进行推广种植;而射手、路宝、中首1号、爱博、爱维兰、超级13R、爱林+Z、吉斯88、哥伦布和竞争者在当地的适应性较差，生产性能较低，不宜大面积推广。 10.品质分析表明:不同茬次23个首稽品种的营养成分含量在发育过程中的动态变化趋势基本一致。第一茬品质在不同首蓓品种间和不同生育阶段间的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0 .01):第二茬CP、NDF和ADF含量在不同生育阶段之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)，在品种间无显著性差异。不同茬次同一生育期的营养比较结果表明:第一茬首楷的消化率、粗蛋白(CP)、无氮浸出物(NFE)含量显著高于后两茬(P<0 .05)，而在第二茬与第三茬之间无显著性差异(P>0 .05);第一茬首楷品质优于第二、三茬。 11.粗蛋白质产量和纤维蛋白比分析说明首稽草在初花~盛花期前粗蛋白产量相对较高，纤维组分含量相对较低，此期为首稽最佳刘割期。 12.首蓓营养品质与生物性状的相关系数表明，CP含量与节间数、L/S呈显著正相关，与节间长呈显著负相关;CF、NDF、ADF含量与L/S呈显著负相关;有机物质消化率与L/S呈显著正相关;其它品质性状与生物状之间都存在弱的相关性。调查初花期的L/S，可以比较不同品种的品质差异。 13.应用层次分析法对31个首稽品种饲用品质进行综合评价，其优
Alfalfa(Medicago Sativd) plays an important role in ecological construction and adjustment of agricultural structure, which is a major forage crop with well-behaving characteristics in the world. In order to enhance production of grasses by cutting down farming land areas, to enlarge areas of forage crops to satisfy requirements of agricultural structure adjustment, and to speed up development of animal husbandry, this paper, aiming at backward situation of alfalfa production in China, carried out systematically research on the characteristics of 31 alfalfa varieties from home and abroad by field observation, physiological measurement, mathematical simulation and comprehensive analysis, which included resistances, productive characteristics and quality. The research results provided background and basis for application of introduced varieties in China. Major conclusions are as follows:1. The research results of drought resistance of alfalfa varieties indicated that the percent of cell injured, water holding capability of in vitro leaves, and spread obstruction and transpiration of stomata in leaves were significantly different among alfalfa varieties under drought stress. Cluster analysis of 21 alfalfa varieties showed that the varieties with strong drought resistance included Abilene+z, Amerigraze40I+z, Apollosupreme, Meiguo-zajiao, Aggressor, Affinity+z, Ameristand201+z, the varieties with weak drought resistance included Abrriba, ,I3R supreme, Baofeng, Deguo-daye, Zhonglan No.l, the other were varieties with medium drought resistance.2. The cluster analysis on salt tolerance of 19 alfalfa varieties in germinating period showed that the varieties with strong salt tolerance included Archer,Ameriguard302+z,Lobo and Ameristand201+z, the varieties with medium salt tolerance included Zhongmu No.l.Alfagraze , Abilene+z , Abrriba and 13R supreme, the varieties with weak salt tolerance included Amerigraze40]+z,Meiguo-zajiao,Avalanche, Zhonglan No.l, Baofeng, Total+z, Aggressor, Apollosupreme,Innovator+z and Affinity+z.3. The drought, cold, heat and salt resistances of 17 alfalfa varieties were evaluated comprehensively, the results showed that varieties with strong drought and cold resistance included Ameristand20l+z, Aggressor, Abilene+z, Meiguo-zajiao, Apollosupreme, Alfagraze, Avalanche, Ameriguard302 and Total+z, which had better adaptability, and should be introduced and extended.4. Stepwise analysis on 10 biological characters of 31 alfalfa varieties indicated that the number of nodes, the number of branches, the width of leaves, and the weight per stem werethe major factors affecting alfalfa" yield, based on which, the optimal regression equation between yield and biological characters had been established. The biological characters of 31 alfalfa varieties were evaluated comprehensively, the results of cluster analysis showed that 31 alfalfa varieties were divided into five types, the varieties with best biological characters were Alfagraze, Ameriguard302,Dll, Ameristand201+z , Amerigraze401+z , Deguo-daye , Total+z and Vector.the varieties with poor biological characters were Abilene+z, Gs-88, Runner and Columbo.5. Study on the dynamic growing process of 31 alfalfa varieties showed that the biomass and the development of plant height fitted Logistic curve in whole developing stage. The results also indicated that the stage of quick accumulation of biomass and rapid growing of plant height was from late of ramification stage to budding stage, the maximal AGR and RGR also occurred in this stage, this stage should be that of crucial period of water. The potentiality of biomass was different among alfalfa varieties, the bigger varieties were Zhonglan No.l,Dll, Columbo , Amerigraze401 +z and Aggressor ,and yield of them might be improved by culture measures.6. Analysis on community structure of different varieties of alfalfa showed that distribution shape of total biomass in different layers was like rhomb, the upper of plant grown well. Archer, Haygraze
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