论文标题:中国小麦地方品种的遗传多样性研究
Genetic Diversity of Chinese Wheat Landraces
论文作者 兰海燕
论文导师 李立会,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 生物化学与分子生物学
论文单位 中国农业科学院,点击次数 135,论文页数 96页File Size5557k
2002-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_57572062/ 小麦；核心种质；醇溶蛋白;淀粉特性；SSR
wheat;core collection;gliadin;starch property;SSR
以13976份中国小麦地方品种构建的初级核心种质3612份以及国外的普通小麦56份和圆锥小麦89份品种为材料，通过醇溶蛋白、淀粉特性及SSR分析，在不同层次了解中国小麦地方品种的的遗传多样性，发掘有利用价值的优异种质，并为建立中国小麦地方品种核心种质提供理论基础。 1．利用ISTA的A-PAGE标准方法，建立了3612份中国小麦地方品种A-PAGE标准醇溶蛋白指纹图谱及其数据库，并将其应用于品种鉴别。 2．供试材料共出现114条相对迁移率不同的谱带，各谱带出现频率的变异范围为0.027％-99.55％，多样性指数的变异范围为0.003-0.693；α、β、γ、ω4个区中，ω区出现的谱带数最多(40条)，而β区的多样性指数却最高(0.461)。 3．对醇溶蛋白谱带进行麦区和省份的多样性分析，春播麦主区西北春麦亚区的河西走廊副区和银宁灌区副区具有最高的多样性指数，分别为0.371和0.358；多样性指数最低的是春播麦主区东北春麦亚区的西部干旱副区和东部湿润副区，分别为0.170和0.128。按照材料的来源省份，甘肃、西藏和青海材料的多样性指数较高，分别为0.363、0.361、0.345；黑龙江、辽宁和广西的多样性指数较低，分别为0.197、0.234、0.241。 4．56份国外引进的普通小麦品种共出现92条醇溶蛋白谱带，其遗传多样性指数(0.338)高于中国小麦10个亚区的平均多样性指数(0.320)。国外引进的89份圆锥小麦共出现101条谱带，遗传多样性指数为0.344。 5．根据醇溶蛋白指纹图谱的结果，采用多次聚类的方法构建了中国小麦地方品种一级核心种质369份，共有106条谱带，遗传多样性指数为0.339，与初级核心种质的3612份材料(共114条谱带，遗传多样性指数为0.344)相比，代表了其遗传变异量的98％。 6．对95份材料的淀粉特性研究表明，糊化特性、胶结构特性、膨胀体积以及直链淀粉含量等参数的变异范围都远远高于对照品种(Klasic和Serra)，筛选出6份可作为面条品质改良的亲本品种(ZM004862，ZM005328，ZM010667，ZM020515，ZM012098，ZM001366)。 7．选用分属7个部分同源群的14对SSR引物，对86份地方品种的遗传多样性进行分析，SSR位点平均等位变异数B基因组(7.17)＞A基因组(6.25)＞D基因组(5.6)。从各个SSR位点的多态性信息量(PIC)的结果来看，B基因组(0.731)＞D基因组(0.624)＞A基因组(0.551)。
To assess the genetic diversity of Chinese wheat landraces from gliadin, starch and DNA aspects, 3612 accessions of the primary core collection from 13976 accessions Chinese wheat landraces and 145 introduced accessions were chosed for gliadin, starch and SSR analyses.1. The standard gliadin fingerprints and database of 3612 accessions were made by using the ISTA standard A-PAGE method, which could be used in the identification of the varieties.2. There were 114 different mobility gliadin bands. The variation range of the frequency distribution and diversity index were 0.027%-99.55% and 0025-0.693, respectively. Of them,co region had most bands(40), but P regions had the highest diversity index (0.461)3. Analyzed the gliadin bands from ecotypes and provinces and found: Hexizoulong and Yinningguanqu had the highest diversity index(0.371 and 0.358, respectively), Xibuganhan and Dongbushirun had the lowest (0.170 and 0.128, respectively); Provinces of Gansu, Xizang and Qinghai were 0.363 -, 0.361 and 0.345 respectively. Other provinces such as Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guangxi had lower diversity index (0.197^ 0.234> 0.241 respectively).4. The common wheats of 145 introduced accessions had 92 bands and higher diversity index(0.338) than the average of 10 ecotype (0.320). The cone wheats of the introduced had 101 gliadin bands and the diversity index was 0.344.5. The first-grade core collection was constructed by multi-clustering on the basis of the results of gliadin, including 369 accessions which could represent 98% percent of the genetic diversity of the primary core collection^ 14 bands and 0.344 (H)).6. The wide variety of diverse starch characteristics were observed among 95 accessions, including starch pasting properties, gel texture, swelling volume and amylose content From 95 landraces, the six accessions were selected for quality improvement (ZM004862, ZM005328, ZM010667, ZM020515, ZM012098, ZM001366).7. 14 selected microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic for 86 accessions, for average alleles per SSR marker, genome B(7.17) >genome A(6.25)>genome D(5.6); and for polymorphism information cotent (PIC), genome B(0.731) >genome D(0.624)>genome A(0.551) especially the markers from B genome had the highest mean value of PIC.
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