论文标题:集体农地使用权制度建构的法理思考
The Lawful Thought to the Construct of Land-Use Rights for Farming
论文作者 申黎
论文导师 傅鼎生,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 民商法学
论文单位 华东政法学院,点击次数 78,论文页数 73页File Size582k
2002-04-28论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_581357642/ 定罪情节; 社会危害性; 模糊; 谦抑价值; 整合
circumstances of adjudgement; social harmfulness; fuzziness; value of condensability; integration
我国现行农地权利制度的形成经历了这样的一个历史进程,从建国初的土地私有到1950年代中期的合作制,进而创建成“一大二公”的集体土地所有制,再历经1970年代末期家庭联产承包制的改造,发展成今天的以土地承包制为核心的集体土地所有制。这一制度的前期与中期,带有明显的理想化色彩,在土地经营使用方面陷入了极其僵硬的“集体所有,集体使用收益” 的行政管理模式,导致了土地利用效率与农村生产率的普遍下降。现行的制度对农村集体土地所有制作了较大的内部改造,实行了“集体所有,农民使用收益”的制度,其结果极大地促进了农村生产力的发展,提升了农村土地资源的利用效率。但我国目前实行的以土地承包经营制为核心的农地使用制度,“是在中国社会发生重大转折的特殊条件下形成的,它的产生既缺乏系统的理论准备和制度设计,也不是自上而下有组织有计划实施的”,而是主要依靠农民群众的力量推动逐步建立的,加之对该制度一直缺乏系统的法律支持,从而使该制度具有其本身无法克服的深层次缺陷,已经愈来愈难以应对未来对于“三农”问题的挑战,也难以担负在农村深化改革的重任。目前,以物权关系改造我国现行农地承包关系,在目前物权立法的讨论中,已成为共识。但是,在我国特有的社会经济条件下,作为广大农村的一项举足轻重的基础性经济与法律制度的农地权利制度,如何对其进行物权化的重构。却不无疑问。马克思指出:“权利永远不能超出一定的经济结构以及由经济结构所制约的社会的文化发展。”本文拟立足于我国农村社会发展的实际,通过检讨现行农地权利制度中的缺陷,剖析制约农地权利制度设计的社会和经济环境,梳理出农地使用权制度建构的基本思路。本文分三章,另外还包括导言与结语。导言部分阐述了本文选题的缘由及研究方法。第一章集体农地权利制度的现状分析,在简要概括了我国目前农地权利制度的形成过程与现状的基础上,检讨了该制度的在不同层面的缺陷及导致的不良后果。第二章农地使用权制度构建的基本思路,提出了我国农地权利制度改革的基本前提与核心制度,同时着重阐明了农地使用权制度建构的制度价值诉求及宏观方案。第三章农地使用权制度建构中的具体问题研究,讨论了农地使用权制度建构中的一些重要问题,包括权利名称的定位,权利的主体制度构架,权利的具体构造等。结语部分再一次强调了我国农地使用权制度设计的出发点。
The farming land system in China come through such a course: from individual ownership of property when the People’s Republic of China was founded to teamwork system in the middle 1950’s, then to collective ownership of land, then to the innovation of household responsibility system in the late 1970’s , finally to today’s collective ownership system whose center is responsibility manage system. It is ideal in the early and middle system that adopted a rigid administrative mood “collective ownership ,collective using and enjoying”, which cause the efficiency of land exploitation and rural productivity lower. Today’s system accelerate the development of rural economic and the efficiency of using rural land resource by reforming peasant collective-ownership institution of farming land and establishing the system of “collective owner, peasant using and enjoying”. However, the system of Land-Use rights for Farming whose center is responsibility manage system was established by strength of peasant collective in special historic conditions and lacking in theoretical background and designation of system. As a result of its insuperable defect of lacking in law background, this system can neither resolve the problem of “agriculture, countryside and peasant” , nor reforming the rural economic regime.It becomes a common sense that reforming farmland contract by the theory of Real Rights at present. But it is still a question how to reconstruct the system of rural land rights in the structure of Real Rights in our country’s unique social economic circumstance. This article will try to search after the constructive pattern for Land-Use Right for Farming by analyzing the defect of the system of land rights for farming nowadays and the social and economic circumstances which limit the designation of system on the base of reality of development of rural society in our country.This article is divided into three chapter in addition to Introduction and Epilogue.Introduction expounds the reasons for writing and research methods of this article.Chapter Ⅰ:Analysis of the System of Collective land rights for Farming in China Today: it points out defects of the system and its bad consequences incurred on the base of the summary of the formation of the system.Chapter Ⅱ:The General Structure of Land-Use Rights for Farming: it points out the basic premise and key point of the reform of land rights system in China, at the same time, it expound the tendency and macroscopic project of constructive pattern for Land-Use Rights for Farming.Chapter Ⅲ:Studies on Microscopic Questions of Constructive Pattern for Land-Use Rights for Farming: it discusses some important questions in constructing the patterns for Land-Use Rights for Farming, including the definition of rights , subject of rights, content of rights and so on.Epilogue emphasize the foothold of designing the system of Land-Use Rights for Farming in China.
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