论文标题:瓦氏黄颡鱼消化系统发育的研究
Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Again Ceftiofur and the Develeopment of ELISA and HPLC
论文作者 李芹
论文导师 刁晓明,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 水产养殖
论文单位 西南农业大学,点击次数 149,论文页数 59页File Size7376k
2005-06-05论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_5863197/ 瓦氏黄颡鱼;消化系统;组织学;消化酶;个体发生
Pelteobagrus vachelli;Digestive system Histology ; Digestive enzymes ontogency
瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)是长江水系的重要经济鱼类。为了探讨其消化系统发育的规律,为瓦氏黄颡鱼苗种的培育提供一定的理论基础,我们用三个试验进行了研究。试验一采用组织学的方法研究了瓦氏黄颡鱼消化系统的胚后发育;试验二利用生物化学的方法研究了瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼消化酶的个体发生;试验三研究了不同饵料对瓦氏黄颡鱼捎化酶活性的影响。得到如下结果: 1.瓦氏黄颡鱼消化系统的胚后发育 利用组织切片技术在显微水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼消化系统的胚后发育特点作了系统的观察研究。结果表明:瓦氏黄颡鱼仔鱼的消化道发育过程中出现两个重要的形态分化时期。第一时期为出膜后3天至外源摄食之前,消化道由初孵仔鱼的直管状分化为食道、胃和肠,各消化器官的结构基本形成。第二时期是在20-26日龄,在这一阶段,食道、胃、肠的结构基本发育完成。同时胃腺的出现使得瓦氏黄颡鱼的胃开始行使功能。瓦氏黄颡鱼的肝脏、胰脏在2日龄时发生。胰脏为弥散型,主要分布在肝脏边缘,少量分布于肝脏的边缘实质中。 2.瓦氏黄颡鱼消化酶的个体发生 在本试验中测定了瓦氏黄颡鱼仔稚鱼从出膜到30日龄的生长和消化酶活性。在瓦氏黄颡鱼仔稚鱼1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12、15、18、22、26、30日龄取样20尾作体长、体重的测定,三个重复。另外在1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12、15、18、22日龄取样100尾,26、30日龄取样80尾,三个重复。18日龄以前的仔稚鱼采用全鱼匀浆,18日龄以后的仔稚鱼取其腹部匀浆,匀浆液用离心机(4000 r/min)离心后,取上清液作蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白质含量的测定。结果如下:在整个试验期间,瓦氏黄颡鱼的特定生长率为10.89%。蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶均在第一天就检测到活性,胃蛋白酶活性在第22天检测到。各种酶的活性在仔鱼出膜后随着鱼的生长而发生变化。蛋白酶的比活力从1日龄到4日龄逐渐增加,到4日龄达到最大值,随后随日龄的增加其比活力降低至10日龄达到最小值,以后从10日龄到30日龄其比活力逐渐增加。淀粉酶的比活力从1日龄逐渐增加,到4日龄达到最大值,随后迅速降低,从10日龄到18日龄维持在一较低水平,随后随日龄的增加淀粉酶比活力增加。脂肪酶的比活力从1日龄到3日龄逐渐增加,到3日龄达到最大值,3日龄以后直到30日龄,脂肪酶比活力随日龄的增加而降低,在这一阶段一直处于一较低的水平。 3.不同饵料对瓦氏黄颡鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响 在本试验中,瓦氏黄颡鱼稚鱼被分为三个组:第一组饲喂生物活饵料——活饵料组,第二组饲喂淡水鱼用微胶囊饲料和生物活饵料——驯化组,第三组饲喂淡水鱼用微胶囊饲料——饲料组。在试验期间,三个组分别在瓦氏黄颡鱼35、40、45、50、55、60日龄时各组取样
Pelteobagrus vachelli is one kind offish with imporment economical value in the YangZi River. In order to probe into the development law of the digestive system, three experiments were designed. In fisrt experiment, the development of digestive system was investigated histologically; In second experiment two, ontogentic development of digestive enzymes in Pelteobagrus vachelli larvae was investigated using biochemistry. In third experiment, growth, the variety of digestive enzymes activities in Pelteobagrus vachelli juvenile was investigated.The results extracted from the experiments list as follows:1. The development of digestive system in Pelteobagrus vachelli larvaeThe development of digestive system in Pelteobagrus vachell larvae was investigated using histological. The results of experiment as follows: Two major periods of differentiation could be distinguished. During the first period, within three days of hatching and prior to exogenous feeding, the digestive tract exhibited extensive differentiation from a straight tube to a looped alimentary canal with clearly distinguishable oesophagus, stomach and gut. The second period corresponded to the formation of the gastric glands around 20-26 days post-hatch. The pancreas is a diffuse gland, distributing on the border of the liver, some pancreatic tissuse even extend into the liver.2. Ontogentic development of digestive enzymes in Pelteobagrus vachelli larvaeGrowth, the activities of some digestive enzymes was studied in Pelteobagrus vachelli larvae during the first month of life. Samples were taken at l,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,15,18,22,26,30DAH. In order to monitor growth, a pool of 20 larvae was sampled in triplicate.For enzyme deteminations, at each sampling time pooled sample of 100 larvae untile 22 DAH, of 80 larvae until 30 DAH, were collectde in triplicate. Whole larvae body homogenaes were used for enzymatic determination in larvae younger than 18 days afer hatching. Older larvae were dissected in order to obtain the abdomen segment. The homogenate centrifuged at 4000 r/min. The supernatant was subsequently used for analyses of enzyme activity and protein content. The results of experiment as follows: In ldays, the activities of protease, amylase and lipase had detected. The activities of pepsin had detected in 22 days. The activities of digestive enzymea exhibited a pattern characteristic of deoeloping animals: From ldays to 4 days, the strong increase in protease activities to the maximum, then, the protease specific activities progressively decreased with age. In 10 days, the specific activities were minimum point. From 10 days to 30 days, the protease activities were progressively increased with age. From ldays to 4days, the strong increase in amylase activities to the maximum, then sharp decreased to very low levels in 10 days. From lOdays to the 18days, the amylase specific
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