论文标题:构建我国农村金融体系的思考
Thoughts on Constructing Rural Financial System in China
论文作者
论文导师 张绍焱,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 政治经济学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 68,论文页数 61页File Size3135K
2006-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_598130287/
rural financial system; rural economy
2004-2006年连续三年，中央政府1号文件都以发展农业，振兴农村经济，提高农民收入为目标。农村金融作为实现储蓄向投资转化的有效途径，对农村经济发展具有巨大的推动作用。然而，目前我国农村金融现状堪忧，正式金融中的商业金融大规模撤离农村，政策性金融经营业务狭窄，而农村信用社作为目前唯一直接面对农民的正式金融机构由于历史、产权以及内部管理等方面的原因，自身经营困难重重。农村金融服务水平低下，农村资金大量流失。这些使得我们必须重新思考我国农村金融体系的构建问题。 我国农村金融所面临的问题不仅仅是一个供给量不足的问题，而是一个更深层次的结构性失衡问题。通过对于供给与需求主体的细分，我们可以发现我国现行农村金融体系中正式金融的商业性金融供给与维持型和经营型主体的金融需求不相适应。二者之间不能达成有效的金融交易，从而造成了一方面金融需求很旺盛，而另一方面却存在着正式金融服务供给过多而纷纷逃离农村的现象。重构我国农村金融体系的关键就是要消除这种结构性失衡。一方面，要找准正式金融在农村地区的服务对象，主要是市场型主体。同时，通过有效的金融创新，以小额信贷的方式为农村地区的经营型主体服务。另一方面，正视非正式金融，具体而言是指民间自由借贷，合作基金会以及资金互助等，充分考虑其在为农村维持型主体提供金融服务方面所具有的优势。同时从构建我国农村金融体系的外部环境出发，加大财政对农村经济的补助，构建完备的农村金融法律法规，发展农村社会保障与农业保险等等。 农村经济的发展表现为不同类型的经济主体在农村总体劳动人口中占比的变化。具体而言，表现为维持型主体占比越来越小，而经营型主体、市场型主体越来越大。农村经济的发展需要通过发展经营型和市场型企业来深化农业产业化，提升农村地区产业结构。在这种不断转换的过程中，农村金融体系由于其服务对象的变化而不断的演化，实现从非正式金融向正式金融的转化。农村经济发展与农村金融发展相互促进。 本文除导言外包括四章。导言部分介绍本文写作的理论与现实意义、本文的研究方法、创新点与不足以及本文的结构安排。第一章回顾了我国农村金融体系的三次改革，当前我国农村金融体系的结构与所面临的问题。第二章探讨了我国农村金融需求主体的经济行为特征。本文将农村金融主体细分为维持型主体、经营型主体和市场型主体，分别分析了其组成、经济行为特点、资产持有水平等。第三章构建
It has become China"s main task to develop the agriculture and rural economy and raise the farmers" income. Rural finance, which has been proved to be effective in converting savings to investments, is of critical importance in such process. However, the present state of rural finance is worrying with most of the formal commercial finance quitting rural area, the policy finance (CDAB) limited in a small managing area and the rural cooperative finance, the only formal institution that does business with fanners directly, operating awfully because of bad management and historic problems. Thus it is high time that we reconsider the construction of rural financial system.The problem of present rural financial system is not a problem only lies in the lack of supply, but a structural disequilibrium. As we give a subdivision to the suppliers and demanders in rural finance system, we may find that the commercial service provided by the commercial bank and rural cooperatives which plays the leading role in the rural financial supply does not harmonize with the need of surviving and managing demanders, which account for the biggest proportion in the rural population. Then, it would not be strange to see that the formal commercial institutions are hurry quitting rural market while there is a brisk demand for financial services. Therefore, the most important point in reconstructing rural financial system is to eliminate such disequilibrium. First, we should realize the very main customer for formal finance; they are the "marketing" subjects. It also has to serve the managing subjects through financial innovation. Second, we should give a sensitive, reasonable judgment to informal finance. They have adapted themselves well to fit the financial need of surviving subjects. As to form a good financial environment, we should increase the fiscal aid to the rural economy, perfect the law and regulation system, and develop the agricultural insurance.Development in rural economy is reflected by the change in proportion of different subjects in rural population. To be specific, the proportion of surviving subjects decreases, while that of managing and marketing subjects rises. The most important way to get this is to upgrade the agricultural industry through sending financial aid to managing and market subjects. It then would bring in the change in financial demand, further in the financial supply structure.
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