论文标题:我国滨海湿地退化与可持续发展对策研究
Study on the Loss and Degradation and Sustainable Countermeasures of the Coastal Wetlands in China
论文作者 石青峰
论文导师 郭佩芳；吴桑云,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 环境工程
论文单位 中国海洋大学,点击次数 98,论文页数 46页File Size3810k
2004-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_612124862/ 滨海湿地;湿地退化;环境压力;人为因素;可持续发展建议
coastal wetland; wetland loss and degradation; environmental pressure; huaman factor; sustainable countermeasures
滨海湿地是介于陆地和海洋生态系统之间的自然综合体，是我国生物多样性最丰富、生产力最高、最具价值的湿地生态系统之一。我国的滨海湿地主要包括三角洲湿地、滨岸沼泽、淤泥质海岸、红树林沼泽、海岸潟湖、砂质海岸湿地等几种主要湿地类型。受自然因素和人为因素影响，目前我国的滨海湿地正面临着面积萎缩和生态环境恶化等严重问题。 本文对我国滨海湿地类型、特点、分布进行了论述，并对湿地退化的主要影响因素进行了分析。指出围垦、城市与港口建设、污染、海岸侵蚀、油气资源开发生物资源过度利用和海平面上升等是造成滨海湿地退化的主要因素。这些环境因素对滨海湿地的作用方式和影响程度是不同的，而滨海湿地在这些影响因素作用下的退化程度也不尽相同。根据综合矩阵因子分析法和基于景观生态学的方法，对我国的主要滨海湿地的退化程度进行了定量评价。指出导致滨海湿地退化的最主要、最直接的原因是人为因素，而自然因素对湿地的作用往往因人为因素的参与或诱发而加剧。 在分析了我国滨海湿地退化的原因和退化特点的基础上，根据可持续发展理论，提出了针对滨海退化的几点具体防治对策和可持续发展建议。
The Coastal wetlands are important ecosystems between land and sea ecosystems, which provide important habitats for fish and wildlife, maintain the coastal biological diversity. Coastal delta, tidal flat, marine marsh, mangrove wetland, lagoon and sand beach are the main types of the coastal wetlands of China. Now the coastal wetlands of China are confronting serious threaten of wetland loss and eco-environmental deterioration. Land reclamation, city and port development, pollution, coastal erosion, oil and gas exploitation, excessive use of coastal biologic resource and sea-level rise are considered as the main environmental forcing factors to the degradation of coastal wetlands. The effects of environmental pressure factors and the degrees of the environmental degradation of coastal wetlands are different from each other. According to matrix factor analysis and landscape ecological analysis, the loss and degradation of coastal wetlands are valued quantificationally. Human impact is the main cause attributing to this degradation and natural factors" effects often become more serious working together human"s activities.Based on the analysis the main factors contributing to coastal wetlands" loss and degradation and the characteristics of wetland degradation, sustainable countermeasures are suggested in this paper.
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