论文标题:量刑建议制度可行性研究
Thesis on the Position and Function of New & High-tech Industrial Development Zone in the Course of Development of Chinese Socialist Market Economy
论文作者 赵萍
论文导师 靳建丽,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 诉讼法学
论文单位 郑州大学,点击次数 185,论文页数 57页File Size2349k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_6348317/ 刑事诉讼;公诉权;量刑建议;制度;可行性研究
Criminal Litigation, Right of Public Prosecution, Suggestion on Weighing Sentences, System, Study on the Probability
1999年8月北京市东城区检察院开始试行公诉人当庭发表量刑建议，并与被告人及辩护人就量刑意见展开辩论。随后，国内一些基层检察院也纷纷开始试行量刑建议制度。对此，引起了各方广泛关注，褒贬不一。本文从量刑建议的理论基础着手，结合司法实践，参考国外在量刑建议制度中的有益经验对我国确立量刑建议制度的可行性进行了探讨并对该制度在我国的设立作出了初步构想。 从世界各国的司法实践看，量刑建议是指公诉机关在公诉活动中就被告人的具体刑罚的适用提出意见的诉讼活动。目前，国内理论界和司法实践界对量刑建议的概念界定存在两种观点，一是“意见要求说”；二是“诉讼活动说”。“意见要求说”认为量刑建议是检察机关就被告人的量刑问题向法院提出的具体意见。“诉讼活动”说则认为量刑建议是检察机关就被告人的具体量刑问题向法院提出建议的诉讼活动。本文认为量刑建议是检察机关在提起公诉或出庭支持公诉时，就被告人应当适用的具体刑罚包括刑种、刑期、执行方式等向法院提出意见的诉讼活动。量刑建议权则是检察机关所享有的作出量刑建议行为的权力。它是一项诉讼权力，是检察机关在提起公诉或出庭支持公诉时，就被告人应当适用的具体刑罚向法院提出意见的诉讼权力。量刑建议与量刑建议权是形式与内容，现象与本质的辩证关系，二者相辅相成，相互依存。 公诉权在本质上属于一项程序性权力，是检察机关代表国家提请法院、追究被告人刑事责任的一项司法请求权。公诉权是检察机关的一项重要职权。量刑建议权从性质上、从与刑罚权的关系上、从刑事诉讼配合制约原则上、从庭审方式改革上、以及诉讼原理上分析都是公诉权的应有之义。因此，量刑建议权理应是检察机关职权的题中之意。本文认为量刑建议权是求刑权的内容之一，它与量刑裁判权相辅相成，量刑建议权丰富了辩护权内涵，由此而引发的量刑异议权与量刑建议权具有同样重要的法律地位，实践中应当给予同等的关注。 在传统的刑事诉讼实践中，检察机关也在不同程度上行使着量刑建议权。检察机关是在起诉书或公诉意见中就被告人犯罪行为适用的刑法条款，提出一个对被告人量刑的法定幅度，或对被告人具有哪些从重、从轻条件提出概括性的量刑意见，这多数是对法定情节，法定量刑情节和法定最低刑向法院作出的提示而己，与我们当前探讨的量刑建议在方式、程序内容上都有所差异。传统的方式，经过多年司法实践已暴露出种种弊端:量刑处于暗箱操作中，量刑随意性大;庭审流于形式，影响控辩职能;对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的权利保护不够;检察机关的抗诉职能得不到有效行使:当庭宣判率低，诉讼效率不高;上诉、申诉较多，增加了诉讼成本。随着庭审制度改革的深入，部分基层检察机关尝试的量刑建议改革工作，取得了良好的法律效果和社会效果，在维护司法公正、提高诉讼效率、强化控辩职能方面显示出了重要价值。 世界上许多国家的刑事诉讼制度中都有关于量刑建议的内容，无论是英美法系还是大陆法系，检察官的量刑建议应用的十分广泛，并因法律制度和法律传统的不同，形成了各具特色的量刑建议制度。本文通过对量刑建议在美国、加拿大、英国、德国、意大利、日本的实践状况的比较，认为量刑建议制度是一项兼顾司法效率与司法公正的制度，其构建模式并不强求千篇一律。在我国确立量刑建议制度符合国际上刑事诉讼的发展方向，我们可以从本国国情出发去构建符合中国特色的量刑建议制度。 目前，理论界和司法实践界在量刑建议制度存在的法律依据问题上存在着两种针锋相对的观点。通过对争议的分析，本文认为引发争议的关键在于法律未对量刑建议作出明确而清晰的规定，我国现有法律虽对检察机关量刑建议权规定的不够明确，但是现行法律中蕴含着量刑建议权的内容，它赋予了检察机关提出量刑建议的权力。同时，现行的司法解释已对检察机关量刑建议权作出了明确的规定。公诉人代表检察机关在庭上发表量刑意见并不违反刑诉法的规定，并未突破现行刑事法律框架，相反于法有据，存在着相当广阔的法律空间。从立法角度看，我国这些法律条文都为人民检察院享有和行使量刑建议权提供了一定的法律空间。建议对我国的现行刑事诉讼法第160条、第137条第1款、第129条进行修改以明确量刑建议权的法律地位。 同时，为规范量刑建议改革的运作机制，保障量刑建议权的公正行使，建议有关部门尽快制定统一的量刑建议实施细则，对量刑建议的适用范围和原则、提出时机与方式以及监督机制等问题予以规范，以及时总结经验发现问题，防止不规范的试行工作可能带来的负面效应。为使建议工作更具合理性、公开性和平等性，建议各省级司法部门制定一个在本辖区内适用的“常见犯罪量刑建议标准”，以统一建议标准，规范建议行为，防止量刑建议的随意性。
From August, 1999, in east city district of Beijing, it trial runs that public prosecutor gives suggestion on weighing on court, and debates with defender and defendant on how to weigh sentence. Here after follow some grass roots procuratorates. And it becomes a popular topic which some stand for it and some deny it .The paper tries to probe into the probability of suggestion system on weighing sentences and gives a general provision, which is on the base of the theory, jurisdiction practice and some useful experiences abroad.From the perspective of jurisdiction practice of the world, suggestion on weighing sentences refers to the specific suggestion proposed by the agency on how to weigh sentence to the defendant in lawsuit. At present, theoretical circles and jurisdiction practical circles have two kinds of a opinion, A is "suggestion and requirement theory" and B is "litigation theory". A inclines to that suggestion on weigh sentences refers to the specific suggestion given prosecutorial organization to weigh sentences of the defendant. B refers to that suggestion of weigh if sentences is the activity of litigation that prosecutorial organization proposes suggestions on how to weigh the defendant sentences. In this paper, the author thinks that suggestion of weigh if sentences refers to activity of litigation in which prosecutorial organization proposes some suggestions on what specific punishment shall be given to the defendant which including kind, period, means of implement, when prosecutorial organization initials public prosecution of support public prosecution. Right of suggestion on weighing sentences refer to the right of propos if suggestions which inclusively belongs to the prosecutorial organization. It is a kind of litigation right in which specific suggestions is given how to weigh sentence on the defendant when prosecutorial organization in trials public prosecution or supports public prosecution. Suggestion on weigh if sentences relationship of form and essential, appearance and essence, they areinterrelated and interacted each other.Right of public prosecution belongs to a kind of procedural right in essence, is a kind of jurisdiction appealing right when prosecutorial organization appall the court to run the defendant criminal responsibility, standing for the state. Right of public prosecution is one of the important authorities of protectorate. Right of giving suggestion on weigh if sentences is of right of public procreation from the persecutes of natural, the elation with right of punishment, principle of coordination and alliance in criminal lawsuit, deform of trial and in theory of litigation. Therefore, the right give suggestions are in the duty of the protectorate. From views of nature and feature, the paper goes that right of gong suggestion on we if sentences belongs rights of prosecution, and balances with sentence judging right. It riches right of defenses. Right of disputing weighting sentences initialed there has the same legal position as right of give suggestion in weighing sentences, they shall be treated equally in practice.Right of giving suggestion on weighing sentences belongs to right of public prosecution, and prosecutorial organizations have also exercised this right before. In traditional criminal litigation, prosecutorial organization makes general suggestions on criminal provisions shall be applied, range of sentences, some circumstances of heavier and lighter punishment, in charging petition of public prosecuting speech, most of these are same hints for legal circumstances, legal circumstance of weighing sentences and the minimum punishment. It differs from the topic disused in this paper in means and procedure ,the traditional means have showed many disadvantages during the practice.(1)Weighing sentences is not open and arbitrary.(2)Trial is of formulation which influences the function in defiance and charge.(3)Protection for the suspects" and the defendant"s tight is weak and not enough.(4)The protesting function of the protectorates can"t be exerci
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