论文标题:WTO保障措施实施方式研究
Study on Implementation Manners of WTO Safeguard Measures
论文作者 柳叶
论文导师 蒋新苗,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国际法学
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 482,论文页数 74页File Size5597k
2003-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_636787/ 保障措施;实施方式;入世议定书;特定产品的过渡保障措施
safeguard measures,implementation manners,accession protocol to WTO,product-specific transitional safeguards
在因进口剧增而造成的国内产业的严重损害或严重损害威胁的情况下，WTO成员方可以援引GATT第19条和WTO《保障措施协定》来实施保障措施。经过几十年贸易实践的发展和数轮多边谈判，保障措施逐步确立了非歧视的实施方式，并日渐成为WTO各成员方经常使用的贸易保护手段。 但是，如果说作为乌拉圭回合成果的《保障措施协定》中在实施方式的非歧视性方面尚存在有漏洞的话，那么《中国加入世贸组织议定书》第16条规定的所谓“特定产品过渡期间的保障措施”，更是保障措施在实施方式上的大倒退。这一存在着诸多有悖于WTO基本原则和《保障措施协定》规定的歧视性保障条款，已经被各国迅速吸收转化为国内法并在国际贸易中加以适用，为我国的出口造成了极为不利的局面。如何在仔细研究WTO保障措施的基础上，尽快采取应对措施，是目前的当务之急。 本文首先在一、二部分介绍了WTO框架下广义与狭义的各种保障机制，并从历史沿革的角度阐述了保障措施实施方式在国际贸易舞台上的演变以及各国的相关立法，然后分析了WTO《保障措施协定》在实施方式的不足之处。在第三部分，本文介绍了对歧视性保障措施作为国家入关(入世)附加条件的渊源，并在此基础上对《中国加入世贸组织议定书》第16条对我国的不利之处加以分析。最后，本文在第四部分提出了相关对策。
In case of sharp increase of import causing the serious injure or the threatening of serious injure on the domestic industry, WTO members can invoke the emergency actions according to GATT XIX and WTO Agreement on Safeguards. After scores of years" trading practice as well as several rounds of multi-lateral negotiations, the non-discriminatory implementation manners has been gradually established.However, a great number of loops in respect of implementationmanners existing in the Agreement on Safeguards have not only arousedgreat inconvenience in practice, but also provided a theoretical basis forArticle of XVI of Protocol on the Accession of the People"s Republic ofChina, which is a typical discriminatory safeguard clause. Moreover, thisarticle is carrying much impact on China"s export as it has been absorbedand transferred into the domestic laws and implemented in practice bymany countries. Thus, it is quite urgent for us to give responses to thisdisadvantage.In the first and second parts of this discourse, the author introduces various safeguards mechanism in intensive and extensive definition under WTO frame and discloses the evolvement of the implementation manners of safeguards and relative legislations of different countries. Then, the author makes an analysis on the disadvantages in the Agreement on Safeguards. In the third part of the discourse, the author exhibits the origin of discriminatory safeguards clause in accession protocol and analyze the disadvantages of Article XVI of Protocol on the Accession of the People"s Republic of China. At last, countermeasures and suggestions to our country are stated in the fourth part of the discourse.
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