论文标题:国际刑事司法协助及在我国的实践
International Criminal Judicial Assistance and China"s Practice
论文作者 张波
论文导师 王秋玲,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国际法学
论文单位 大连海事大学,点击次数 98,论文页数 79页File Size3431k
2004-09-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_63727022/ 国际刑事司法协助;引渡;中国
International criminal judicial assistance;Extradition;China
刑事司法协助是国家关系的重要内容,是一国司法权的有效域外延伸,具有重要的外交价值和司法价值。国际刑事司法协助是主权国之间依照有关国际条约或双向互惠原则,协助或代为履行一定的刑事诉讼程序或刑事实体权利的活动。从协助的内容、适用的条件和程序等角度,可以将其归纳为六大类:文书送达、信息通报、调查取证、引渡、刑事事件的诉讼转移、外国刑事判决的承认和执行。作为诉讼行为的国际刑事司法协助具有本身所特有的三大特征:国际法与国内法相协调;条约义务与互惠原则相互补;司法审查与行政审查相互统一。经过长期的司法实践,现代国际刑事司法协助业已积累了一些基础性、概括性的原则,形成国际刑事司法协助的基本原则。它们是:国家主权原则、平等互惠原则、法制原则、特定性原则、人权保护原则。 引渡在现代国际刑事司法协助的各种表现形式中,历史最为悠久,诉讼的特征最为典型,有关引渡的理论也最为成熟。一些规范引渡的原则如政治犯罪不引渡、本国国民不引渡、死刑不引渡、或起诉或引渡等,虽然也是对其他刑事司法协助形式限制的原则,但是在国际刑事司法协助的实践中,它们对引渡规范的严格性要远远超过对其他刑事司法协助形式的规范。然而,这些限制和规范引渡制度的原则随着历史的发展也都各自呈现出一些新的特色。刑事诉讼转移管辖是近几年在世界上日益受到重视的国际刑事司法协助的基本形式。它是指一国将本应由其管辖的刑事案件委托他国进行刑事诉讼的一种司法协助制度。刑事诉讼转移管辖符合现代刑事诉讼发展的需要。外国刑事判决的承认和执行,是一国应他国请求对其他主权国家的审判机关代表国家依照法定程序对刑事案件进行审理所作出的具有法律效力的判决和裁定和承认和执行。 在经济日益全球化的今天,跨国犯罪的增多和国家间交往范围的扩大,使得作为打击跨国犯罪主要合作手段的国际刑事司法协助制度在国家对外活动中的重要性愈益突出,国际刑事司法协助领域正呈现出一些新的发展趋势:一是刑事司法协助的范围逐渐扩大;二是立法规范得到迅速发展;三是国际组织在国际刑事司法协助中的作用进一步增强;四是刑事司法协助在国家关系中的作用日显重要;五是人权保障的范围进一步扩大;六是刑事司法协助的程序向简便化方向发
Criminal judicial assistance, as an important part in the state relations, is an effective extension of a state"s juridical power out of its territory, having significant value diplomatically and judicially. International criminal judicial assistance is activities between sovereign states, whereby assistance or service as proxy is offered in handing of criminal proceedings or execution of criminal entity rights pursuant to relevant international treaties or reciprocal principle. From the angle of content, applicable conditions and procedures, such assistance may be classified into six major categories, service of documents, reporting of information, investigation of evidence, extradition, transfer of criminal proceedings, and recognition and execution of foreign rulings. International criminal judicial assistance, as a legal action, has three major inherent features: coordination of international law and domestic laws, complementation between the treaty obligations and reciprocal principle; and unification of judicial review and administrative review. Through long-term judicial practice over the decades, some basic and generalized rules have been formed in the international criminal judicial assistance, thus forming the basic principles of the international criminal judicial assistance. They are: the principle of sovereignty of each state, the principle of equality and reciprocity, the principle of law, the principle of specificity, and the principle of protection of human rights. Under the guide, restriction and control of these principles, the international criminal judicial assistance is systematically rendered.Among the existing forms of international criminal judicial assistance, extradition has the longest history, most typical proceeding features and most mature theory. Some regulations governing the extradition activity, such as non-extradition of political offenders, non-extradition of own citizens to another state, non-extradition of criminals sentenced to death, non-extradition of financial & tax offenders, legal proceedings, and extradition, are stipulated to restrain other forms of criminal judicial assistance. In practice, execution of the extradition rules is much tighter to theextradition activity than to other forms of international criminal judicial assistance. However, along with evolution of the history, these rules restricting and normalizing the extradition activity are showing some new features. Transfer of jurisdiction of criminal proceedings is another basic form of international criminal judicial assistance drawing broad attention now. It is defined as a criminal judicial assistance system under which a state may commission another state to handle criminal procedure of a case in the jurisdiction of the former. Transfer of jurisdiction of criminal proceedings is in line with the development of modern criminal procedures. By recognition and execution of foreign rulings, a state, upon request by another state, recognizes and executes legally effective rulings by a foreign judicial organ on behalf of its sovereign state in accordance with the legal procedures of that state.In the present days, along with the increasing pace of globalization, the increasing number of transnational criminal cases and expansion of the scope of intercourse between the states are making the system of international criminal judicial assistance, as an important means cracking down on transnational crimes, more important in foreign affairs. Some new development tendencies are appearing in this field. First, the scope of criminal judicial assistance is broadened. Second, the legislative regulations are developing rapidly. Third, the international organizations are playing a more important role in the practice of international criminal judicial assistance. Fourth, criminal judicial assistance is playing an increasingly important role in the relation of states. Fifth, the scope of human right protection is further expanded. Finally, the procedures in criminal judicial assistance are moving towards simplification.The internat
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