论文标题:核损害民事责任制度研究
Study on Legal System of Civil Liability of Nuclear Damage
论文作者
论文导师 朱晓勤,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 民商法学
论文单位 厦门大学,点击次数 60,论文页数 59页File Size595K
2006-09-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_644070772/
Nuclear Damage; Liability Limitation; Nuclear Insurance; State Payment
世界范围核电的应用已经有了近半个世纪的历史,在国际条约及各国国内立法方面对于核损害民事责任也有了比较完善的规定。但由于我国核电事业的起步比较晚,相关的核能领域立法也相对滞后,尤其对于核损害民事责任的规定更是有待完善。本文对国际条约及各国国内立法对核损害民事责任的规定进行分析,重点探讨核损害民事责任较一般环境污染侵权民事责任制度之特点,并结合我国现状,对改进我国核损害民事责任制度提出建议。 全文共分个三部分,包括引言、正文和结语,正文共分五章。 第一章为核损害民事责任基本理论,主要论述核损害民事责任的定义,归责原则、构成要件、因果关系的认定等方面内容。 第二章为核损害民事责任之责任限制制度,本章为全文重点,主要介绍核责任制度中的赔偿限额,诉讼时效,责任集中,免责条件等方面的问题。重点介绍国际立法与外国立法中对核设施营运人的责任集中和赔偿金额限制等内容,探讨核损害诉讼的诉讼时效的合理期间,质疑重大自然灾害作为免责事由的合理合法性。在评价及分析外国核损害民事责任的基础上,对我国上述各方面立法规定进行了评议与扬弃之建议。 第三章为核损害民事责任之强制责任保险与财务保证制度。本章为全文次重点,讨论了责任保险,强制责任保险,核责任保险,财务保证的含义和特征,介绍国际条约和各国立法中对核损害民事责任之强制责任保险与财务保证的规定,同时也介绍了我国当前核保险业务的开展情况,并对解决我国当前核保险业务面临的困难,提出参考意见。 第四章为核损害民事责任之国家给付制度。国家介入核损害民事责任的赔偿既提供了国家对受害人权益的有效保障,又体现国家对核能工业发展的保护。 第五章是核损害民事责任之单一法院管辖原则。本章简单介绍了国际条约和各国立法中关于对单一法院管辖原则——这一核损害民事责任立法的特殊制度进行了介绍。
It has been up to half a century since the nuclear power industry has been developed . The compensation system of the civil liability of nuclear damage has been set up in international conventions and the legal system of many countries .Because the civil nuclear power industry in our country started late , the legal system in this field is also backward , especially the laws for the civil liability of nuclear damage .We will analysis the provision in the international conventions and the foreign legal system , discuss the particular character of the compensation system of the civil liability of nuclear damage comparing to the compensation system of the other types of infringement behavior on emphasis, and try to give some personal suggestions on the consummate of the civil liability system of nuclear damage based on the reality in our country . The thesis has been incorporated by three parts, including preface, five chapters and epilogue. Chapter one presents the basic theory of civil liability of nuclear damage .The main content includes the definitions, criterion of liability, inscape , causality of civil liability for nuclear damage etc . Chapter two clarifies the limitations for the liability of nuclear damage. This chapter composes the key point of the article. The limitations on the aspects of the compensation amount, limitation of action, liability gathering principle, grounds of exemption are introduced. This chapter emphases the provisions on the international conventions and foreign laws about the compensation amount limitation and liability gathering principle. The reasonable limit period for persecution will be disputed. The article also doubts the rationality of a grave nature disaster to be an exceptional character of the liability. Based on the analyses of the foreign laws, the author expresses some personal opinions on the consummate of our nuclear damage compensation law. Chapter three introduces the mandatory insurance and financial security measures which the nuclear operators often take to maintain their ability for payment at the occurrence of nuclear accidents. This chapter composes the second important part of the article by expressing the characters of the mandatory insurance and otherfinancial security measures. By exploring the diversity of the provision for financial security measures, it leads to a good resolution which may be incorporated into China’s civil law system of nuclear damage. Chapter four is about the system of state payment. In order to makeup the financial deficiency of the nuclear operator and protect the development of the nuclear industry. State payment is a very important policy in the nuclear damage compensation field . Chapter five introduces another special principle of the nuclear damage lawsuit which is exclusive court jurisdiction principle. Although the polluted area in a nuclear accident might be abroad, only a single competent court is authorized to adjudicate the claims.
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