论文标题:农作物新品种知识产权制度研究
Research on Intellectual Property Rights of Agricultural Crop Variety
论文作者
论文导师 王雅鹏,论文学位 博士,论文专业 农业经济管理
论文单位 华中农业大学,点击次数 115,论文页数 157页File Size9753K
2006-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_663301232/
agricultural crop variety; intellectual property rights; variety rights application; variety rights maintenance; variety rights implementation
在国际、国内利益群体的推动下，我国于1997年建立了专门制度形式给植物新品种提供保护(简称品种权制度)。1999年4月23日加入国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)的1978文本，并于当日正式实施，植物新品种权成为我国知识产权家族中的新成员，发达国家在工业知识产权领域的“跑马圈地”已基本完成，现转向农业领域，植物新品种权成为新一轮知识产权争夺的重心与焦点。基于以上背景，系统研究我国农作物新品种知识产权制度具有重要的理论与现实意义。 本文结合制度经济学、技术经济学、产业经济学的理论与方法，主要采用比较研究法、数理统计分析法、调查研究法，对我国农作物新品种的知识产权制度进行了系统研究。全文的主体结构分为九章：第1章为导言，提出研究的背景、目的与意义；阐述国内外研究动态；界定研究对象的范围。第2、3章为论文的理论探讨部分，分析农作物新品种知识产权制度的演进历程、驱动因素及其对种业发展的作用机理，为品种权制度运行提供理论上的支持；第3、4、5、6、7章为论文的主体，以品种技术研发、产权化、商业化为主线，从育种研发投资、品种权申请与维权、品种权的实施利用四个方面，分析品种权制度产生的影响及利益主体的决策行为，从而为品种权制度运行提供实践上的支持；第8章分析了植物新品种知识产权制度的国际发展格局，跟踪了解植物新品种权的国际发展和竞争动向以及我国面临的挑战；第9章为论文的结尾，针对知识产权管理工作存在的问题，提出完善品种权制度运行的政府管理框架及具体实施策略。 本文在借鉴国内外已有研究成果的基础上，在以下几个方面做出了新的探索： 第一，率先系统研究了品种权制度对育种研发投资的影响，并构建计量模型分析其影响程度。论文沿着研究进展-育种主体微观认知-研发投资宏观影响的思路，采用作者调查资料、中国种业五十强资料、农业部2003、2004、2005年的调查资料，从R&D投入水平、R&D投入结构、R&D合作创新三个方面，深入研究了品种权制度对我国育种研发投入的影响。研究结果表明：品种权制度刺激了育种研发的非政府投资，但非政府资金的来源渠道主要是单位自筹资金，并且育种开发资金投入远远高于科研投入。 第二，构建了育种主体品种权申请决策的理论模型，并采用二元Logistic模型进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：①品种特征，包括产量、品质、抗性因素的优势越大，申请保护的意愿越强；②科研、教学单位与企业相比，申请保护的意愿较弱；③引导申请保护的支持政策促进了育种者申请保护的积极性；④品种权申请的货币成本和审查周期内的时间成本越大，申请保护的可能性降低，并且它们对品种权申请的影响有所差异，申请费用越高，新品种市场价值较低的品种不申请保护的可能性越大；审查周期越长，市场价值越高的品种延迟商业化的损失更大，不申请保护的可能性越大。
Pushed by parties interested domestic and abroad, China established regulations on the protection of plants new varieties (hereinafter referred to as "variety rights") in 1997 and joined in 1978 Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants on April 23,1999, which took effect in due day. Since then, plant variety rights becomes another member in our intellectual property rights family. After finishing competing for industrial intellectual property, the developed countries moved to the agricultural field and focused their new round competition for plant variety intellectual property rights. Under this background, the paper showed up with a meaning practice in having a systematic study on intellectual property rights of plant variety.This dissertation made a systematic study on crop variety intellectual property right by means of comparative approach, quantitative and statistical approach, investigation approach, as well as theories and methods of institutional economics, technological economics, and industrial economics. It consists of 9 chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, it introduced the background, purpose and meaning of the study, reviewed the literature related to the study, and defined the topic of this study. Chapter 2 and 3 are the theoretical discussion. Analyzing evolution process, driving forces and roles of the crop variety intellectual property rights in the seed industry development, this section provided a theoretical support for the implementation of the plant variety rights. Chapter 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are the main parts of the study, focusing on variety technology R&D, property rights, commercialization, the section analyzed influence of the crop variety rights system and the decision-making of various parties involved from four aspects of variety R&D investment, variety rights application and maintenance, new variety commercialization, it provided a practical support for the implementation of variety rights system. Chapter 8 analyzed the development patterns and tendency of the plant variety rights system worldwide to raise challenges facing China and chapter 9 is the ending part of the study, it proposed an administrative framework for the government interested and detailed implementation strategy to solve various problems during administration of the intellectual property rights.Based on previous literature, the main contribution of this dissertation is as follows: Firstly, the paper analyzed systematically for the first time the influence of intellectual property rights on investment in new variety R&D and explored a quantitative approach to discuss the degree of such influence. Focusing on R&D progress - micro cognition of seed breeders - macro effect of R&D investment, the study had a statistics and quantitative analysis on the effects of variety R&D investment from three aspects of R&D investment level, structure, and coordination and innovation based on plenty of data investigated by the author, collected from Agricultural Department of China from 2003 to 2005 and information about China seed industry Top 50 from 1997 to 2002. Results indicated that the intellectual property rights encouraged the non-governmental
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