论文标题:对中国与世界优秀田径运动员竞技年龄的比较研究
Comparative Research of the Age That Race to China and The World Outstanding Athlete
论文作者 孙健
论文导师 宋广林,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 体育教育训练学
论文单位 山东师范大学,点击次数 81,论文页数 56页File Size1506k
2005-04-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_666479147/ 优秀田径运动员;竞技年龄;运动寿命;运动训练因素;人文社会因素
Outstanding athlete; Competitive age; Life-span of sport; The movement trains the factor; Social factor of humanity
田径运动是各项体育运动的基础,也是奥运会比赛中的金牌大户。在国际体育比赛竞争更加白热化的今天,如何提高我国田径运动项目的整体实力,增强在国际大赛中的竞争力,将是决定我国能否在2008 年奥运会上实现新的突破,成为世界体育强国的重要一步。现阶段我国在田径运动员的选拔、培养、使用,尤其是运动员进入高级阶段的训练控制、竞技能力的保持和“大龄”运动员的训练等方面还存在着诸多问题。因此,如何使我国优秀田径运动员尽可能长的保持最佳竞技能力和延长运动寿命将是我国田径教练员和体育工作者所要亟待解决的问题。造成我国田径运动整体水平不高的原因是多方面的。本文通过对中国和世界优秀田径运动员竞技年龄特点的比较研究,发现中国优秀田径运动员的最佳竞技年龄小且运动寿命短,并对这种“早衰”现象进行分析研究,其目的是为了找出其症结所在的主要原因,并提出合理化的建议和对策,从而为进一步提高我国田径人才资源的利用率,促进对优秀田径运动员竞技能力保持与运动寿命延长的研究,使我国田径运动整体水平更快地进入世界先进水平的行列。本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法和比较分析法等研究方法,对中国和世界优秀田径运动员的竞技年龄对比研究,最后得出的主要结论和对策是: 1. 进入新世纪后,世界优秀田径运动员的最佳竞技年龄明显增大,运动寿命不断延长。运动员的最佳竞技年龄的离差范围大,年龄结构分布广,主要集中在25-29 岁之间,并呈现出一定的项群特点(耐力性项群>速度力量性项群>综合性项群)。女运动员的最佳竞技年龄明显增大,在半数田径项目上女子运动员的平均竞技年龄比男子运动员要大1 岁左右。2. 我国优秀田径运动员达到最佳运动成绩的年龄偏小,最佳竞技年龄范围在20-24岁之间,与世界优秀运动员相比最佳竞技年龄要小4-5岁,保持高水平的最佳竞技能力时间较短一般为4-5年,整个运动寿命较短。
Track and field sports is a foundation of every sports activity, and a gold medal rich and influential family in the Olympic Games match too. With the International sports today more fierce in competition of match, how to improve the whole strength of the sports events of track and field of our country, strengthen the competitiveness in the international match, will determine whether our country could realize the new break-through in 2008 Olympic Games, become an important step of sports power of the world. Our country are choosing to the athlete at the present stage, cultivation and use, Enter to athlete advanced training of stage control, sports ability it keeps to be for some questions with " above the average age for marriage " training respect of athlete especially. So, how make of our country outstanding athlete as long as possible to keep best sports ability and sport life-span whether of our country track and field"s coach and sports organizer want urgently athlete Problem to be solved . Cause reasons not high of whole strength of China"s track and field sports level to be in many aspects. This literary proceeds from characteristic of age of sports of the outstanding athlete of our country, and the characteristic of age of sports of combining the outstanding athlete of the world carries on comparative research, Found finally that our country outstanding sports of athlete best race age are smalld, life-span are short ,And analysed the " die young " phenomenon,its purpose is find the mian cause ,and promote some reasonable suggestion and countermeasure,improving promote the study on the age of elite"s sports and life-span of sport , make the integral level of track and field sports of our country enter the advanced international standards faster. This literary grace uses research approaches , such as law of documents and materials , questionnaire investigation method , expert"s interview law , mathematics and physics statistic law and comparative analytic approach ,etc., the sports to China and outstanding athlete of world are analysed at age. The main conclusion and countermeasure that must happen finally are: 1. Entering new century, the age of best sports of the outstanding athlete of the world obviously increase, the life-span of sport is lengthenned constantly. Athlete best to race deviation of age range heavy, it is wide for age composition to distribute, this concentrate on 25-29 years old, And demonstrate certain characteristics (endurance each >Speed strength one group> comprehensive each). The sports woman"s age of best sports obviously increase, the age of sports is about 1 years older than the man on half the number project. 2. The age characteristics of the outstanding athlete of our country are small, And the racing in the age range bestly between 20-24 years old, Compared with elite in world the age of best sports should be 4-5 years younger in our country. It was generally 4-5 to keep the service life of the age bracket of sports shorter, the life-span of whole sport is relatively short. 3. Compare with the difference studied and reflect from the side through the sports age characteristics to China and the world outstanding athlete: Our country and the track and field powerful country of the world, to the understanding of the sports events of track and field and athletes" difference fostered and train, It embodies in to be to early overall conditioning of stage and enter advanced training of stage control and greater disparity stores with foreign countries in especially. 4. In influencing the numerous factors of the life-span of athlete"s movement of our country, the sport is trained and studied and the humane sociology factor is two major main factors. Among them what train and study will have mainly: And excessive project load is trained, sport wound and disease and achievement stagnate, the physique short of training and special basic fundamental is not sturdy enough,etc. make up too early, The sociology one should have mainly: Train the mode, train system, contest system, athletes" knowled
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