论文标题:抗日战争时期的教育救助问题研究
A Study on Educational Salvage in the War Against Japan Period
论文作者 刘婷婷
论文导师 黄华文,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 60,论文页数 92页File Size4333k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_66825347/ 抗日战争时期;教育救助
During the War Against Japan; Education salvation
抗战时期的教育取得了很大成就,但目前对它的研究多侧重于高校内迁、战时教育政策的演变的探讨。这些研究使我们对抗战时期教育的状况有了一定认识,但还不能充分解释教育在战时非常状态下得以保存并有所发展的问题。 教育承担着传承民族文化,发扬民族精神的重任,教育水平的高低更是一个国家兴衰的标志。日本发动侵华战争时深谙这一点,战争刚开始即大肆轰炸学校,采取奴化教育,企图摧毁我国的教育事业。为了挽救我国教育,国民政府及社会各界积极行动起来,制订了救助学生和教师的政策,在敌占区招致流亡学生,帮助他们进入安全地带,成立国立中学以作收容,并提供贷金、公费等援助学生完成学业;举办中小学教师服务团,开展基层教育。妇女界、教育界、宗教界对难童和流亡青年的教育问题也十分关注,不但从物质上给予接济,而且探索出各种适应战时环境的教学方式,为流亡学生提供了宝贵的学习机会。国外的学生团体也自发地为救助中国学生踊跃捐款。这诸多力量凝聚成一股教育救助的合力,在战乱中为我国教育事业编织了一道防护网,使教育没有因战乱而中辍,反而还有所发展。 正是基于以上原因,本文以抗战时期的教育为研究对象,通过对国民政府和社会各界救助政策和行为的系统考察,结合社会福利、社会救助的相关理论,从教育救助这一角度审视抗战时期的教育,以期丰富人们对抗战时期教育的认识,并希望对当今教育救助制度的完善提供借鉴。 第一章考察抗战时期教育救助的迫切性,分析战争爆发后教育遭受惨痛打击的原因。战时教育讨论为教育救助提供了舆论背景,推动了国民政府的大规模教育救助行动的开展,也动员了社会各界参与到救助行动中来。 第二章探讨国民政府的战时教育救助体制。教育界的危机促使国民政府出台了一系列应急办法和法规,为开展教育救助提供了政策依据。救助体制的核心是建立一套应急救济机构,在整个抗战时期,国民政府建立了包括临时救助机构和固定救助机构在内的教育救助体系。为了对这个救助体系的运作情况有所了解,专门考察了教育救助措施,以分析这一救助体制的优缺点。
As for the educational research of war against Japan, it centralize the moving of the high school and the wartime education policy transformation. But the above-mentioned angles can"t explain the education how to survive and develop under the wartime enough.Educate undertake the responsibility to come down the national culture, and develop the national spirit. Thus the educate level"s high or low is also the marking of a national"s rise and fall. When Japan lunched the war to invade China, they bombed the school in great force and took the enslavement education to destroy our cause. For saving our educational business, the Nanjing National Government and the social publics acted actively. One hand, they throughed innumerable trials and hardships to move the universities and the technological academies to the home front; on the other hand, they instituted the policies to assistance and salvage the exiled teachers and students. IN the enemy-occupied area they fetched in the students and helped them went into the security zone. The Nanjing National Government established the national high schools to accept the students, provided the loan and offered bursary to help the student complete their school work, organized unemployed teacher to carry on the basic level education.Women"s field, educational circles, religious paties paid attention to the problem of the exiled children and youths very much. Not only supplied relief to them, but also explored various teaching methods. For example ,the educational circles of Shanghai made use of the limited educational resources to relieve the student as far as possible, adopting the half day system, making by turn, making circularly, holding night schools to provid the study opportunity for the exiled student. Student"s group of the abroad also contributed money eagerly to help the Chinese students .These powers coagulated a resultant force of education salvage for Chinese education .As a result,instead of having interruption, the education of our country had the development.According to the above reason, this text take the education salvage during the war as the research object, passing the system investigation of citizen"s government and social public salvage policies and behavior, combining the theories of the social welfare, social salvage, to enrich the understanding of the wartime period, and hope to provide references for the perfection of nowadays education salvage system.The first chapter of the treaties reviews the urgency of the education salvage in time of the war , and analyze the internal reason of suffering greatly aggrieved at the beginning of the war.The wartime education discussion was the public opinion background of the education salvation .It promoted the operation of the large-scale education salvage and mobilized social public to participate in this activity.The second chapter probes into the governmental educational salvage system.The crisis of the educational circles urged the government to constitute a series statutes to meet the emergency .These statutes provided the policy foundation. The core of the system is a set of salvage organization to meet the emergence. During the whole war time, the government established a educational salvage system including the temporary salvage organization and the settled salvage organization. For having the understanding to the operation circumstance of the system, the writer investigated the education salvage measure in section 4 and analyze the merit and shortcoming of the system.The third chapter mainly inquiries into the education salvage activity of social public. The writer checks the salvation of the children and the youth respectively, and analyze its characteristics.The fourth chapter mainly investigated the characteristics of the education salvage and the problem that it exist, thinking that the education salvage possessing the characteristics of meet an emergency , across a long time, invest an enormous sum of money ,cover a ride range, and insist the aggressive salvage principle.It is a action of safeguarding the
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