论文标题:论违宪审查制度
On Judicial Review System
论文作者 龚小波
论文导师 杨翔,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 湘潭大学,点击次数 99,论文页数 80页File Size210k
2003-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_669211737/ 违宪审查;违宪审查制度;宪法法院
Review of Constitutionality;Judicial Review System;Constitutional Court
“依法治国，建立社会主义法治国家”，已被载入宪法。依法治国的核心是依宪治国，依法办事首先应当依宪办事。我国宪法中没有明确规定违宪审查制度，而只是规定了监督宪法实施的制度，违宪审查只是广义上的保障宪法实施制度的一个环节。迄今为止，我们既没有设置具体负责受理与审查违宪案件的专门机构，没有制定具体的违宪审查的特别程序，也没有设计出一套进行违宪审查的理论和原则。“孙志刚案件”再次引发各界对我国违宪审查的讨论和关注。从世界各国违宪审查机构的设置看，大体上分为三大类：一是由代表机关负责违宪审查，以英国为代表；二是由普通法院负责违宪审查，以美国为代表；三是由专门机关负责违宪审查，以德国和法国为代表。只有在专门机关违宪审查与普通法院违宪审查这两种模式下，违宪审查才是通过司法或准司法程序进行的。我国违宪审查制度的发展有必要吸收和借鉴其他国家的有益经验并坚定不移地推进其制度化，这是维护宪法权威的必由之路。为了改变宪法的最高效力无从落实的现状，必须建立和完善相应的违宪审查制度，而完善我国的违宪审查制度，关键在于改革我国现行的违宪审查体制，建立宪法法院作为专门的违宪审查机关，形成我国的宪法诉讼制度。建立专门的违宪审查机关对树立宪法权威，保障民主权利，维护政治和社会稳定有重要意义。
"Administer the country according to law, build up the socialist legal system", it is written into constitution. The core of administer a country according to law is to administer a country in accordance with the constitution and handle affairs in accordance with the law at first should be in accordance with the constitution. It hasn"t the clear-cut enactment in China Constitution, only stipulates supervise system that constitution implemented just. The review of constitutionality is a link of ensuring the implement the system of constitution on broad sense. At present, neither have we set up specialized agencies that concrete to responsible for acceptance and hearing the review of constitutionality, nor make concreted special procedure the review of constitutionality, and nor design for a series of theory and principle that examined in the review of constitutionality. Sun Zhigang case causes concern and discuss of the review of constitutionality among all circles again. The organ of the review of constitutionality in the counties all over the world can divide into 3 classifications: First, examine the review of constitutionality under the care of representative agency. Britain is a representative; second, the review of constitutionality is examined under the care of regular court. It was U.S.A. that initiated this kind of system. Third, the review of constitutionality is examined under the care of special agencies. France and Germany is a model of enforcing this kind of system. Only under these two kinds of modes with regular courts and special agencies, can we examine the review of constitutionality through the process of justice and quasi-judicial. The development of review of constitutionality of our country necessary to absorb and draw lesson experience of benefiting from other country, and advance its systematization unswervingly. It is the only way thatmaintains the authority of constitution. In order to change current situation that the supreme effect of constitution have no way implemented, must set up and perfect the corresponding judicial review system; As to perfect the review of constitutionality of our country, key lie in reform the current violation of the constitution of our country and set up constitutional court as the special agency of review of constitutionality and form the system of constitutional litigation of our country. It has important significance that set up special agency of review of constitutionality to establishing the constitution authority and ensuring the democratic rights, and safeguarding politics and the stability of society.
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