论文标题:涉外离婚的准据法选择问题研究
On Applicable Law of International Divorce
论文作者 林碧冰
论文导师 蒋新苗,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国际法学
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 571,论文页数 60页File Size3298k
2004-12-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_670897/ 离婚;最密切联系原则;意思自治原则;有利离婚原则
Divorce; The Doctrine of The Most Significant Relationship ;The Principle of Autonomy of The Parties; The Principle of Favor Divortii
各国法律对涉外离婚问题的法律规定有许多不同,涉及到的法律适用问题非常复杂,在适用法律时需要解决的是两个或两个以上国家的婚姻家庭法(或亲属法)的冲突问题。涉外离婚的法律适用问题只有在确定了管辖法院之后才能解决,为此,各国采用了几种不同的立法方式来解决管辖权问题:法院地法说、属人法说、折衷说、以国际主义立场为依据确立管辖权。各国在确立涉外离婚的准据法选择上主要采用了法院地法说、属人法说、选择或重叠适用当事人属人法和法院地法说。但是,单一适用法院地法或属人法,既会造成“跛脚婚姻”的现象,损害当事人的利益,又会阻碍各法域法律选择规则的协调,而选择或重叠适用当事人属人法和法院地法,会牺牲当事人的利益,给当事人的离婚带来重重困难。因此,为了解决旧的学说存在的缺陷问题,国际上涉外离婚的准据法选择出现了新的趋势:适用有利于离婚的法律、引入“最密切联系原则”和“意思自治原则”作为确定涉外离婚准据法的方法。这些新方法的采用,给涉外离婚准据法的确定带来了新的气象。而我国涉外离婚的法律适用问题只是在《民法通则》第八章和《民事诉讼法》第四编总共才两个条文有规定,加上一些司法解释,显得零乱且过于简单,在涉外离婚管辖权方面的规定过分强调了国家主权,忽视了国际协调,为此,改革的方向是:制定中国国际私法法典,设离婚专章,包括涉外离婚的管辖权和法律适用两部分。坚持国家主权原则,引入“不方便法院原则”来确立一个既明确又灵活开放的涉外离婚管辖权制度,遵循“当事人意思自治原则”、“最密切联系原则”、“有利于离婚原则”来确立涉外离婚的准据法。
Owing to the great difference of provisions of laws concerning of international divorce in various countries , therefore ,the problems of applicable law involved are quite complicated , and what demands resolving is the conflicts of marriage and family law or relative law between two or more than two countries .Only after the ruling court house is decided can the problems of applicable law concerning international divorce be resolved .Thus ,different countries adopt different legislation to resolve the jurisdiction problem: lex fori say ,lex personalis say ,compromised say , regarding international doctrine position as the basis establishment jurisdiction ,many countries mainly adopt lex fori say ,lex personalis say ,the choice or the overlapped application of the lex fori say and lex personalis say on the establishment of the laws concerning international divorce .But the singular adoption of lex fori say or lex personalis say will result in the phenomenon of "crippled marriage" which damages the benefits of the party concerned , in addition it will hinder the coordination of choice in each law area .On the other hand ,the choice or the overlapped application of both lex fori say and the lex personalis say will sacrifice , the benefits of the party concerned ,bringing many difficulties to the divorce of the party concerned.As a result ,to solve the problems existing in the old theory ,a new trend for the establishment of the law concerning international divorce appears: apply "favor divorce song " introduce "The Doctrine of The Most Significant Relationship " and "The Principle of Autonomy of The Parties" as the method of establishing the law concerning international divorce . The adoption of these new methods brings new life to the establishment of the law concerning international divorce in our country , the provisions of the application of the law concerning
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