论文标题:社会保障非政府组织的解析与重构
The Analysis and Reconstruction of NGOs in Social Security
论文作者 林鸿姣
论文导师 董保华,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 华东政法学院,点击次数 67,论文页数 77页File Size1248k
2004-04-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_67634512/ 传统知识;生物勘探;知识产权;土著利益;惠益分享
Traditional Knowledge, Bioprospecting, Intellectual Property, Interests of Indigenous Community, Benefit Sharing
当前,我国正进行着社会保障制度的变革。然而,改革与预期目标发生偏离,也在重蹈福利国家的老路:政府大包大揽,负担不断加重,支付危机乍现。如何避免这一危机成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。在西方,济贫和公益慈善一直是非政府组织的传统活动领域。90年代福利国家发生支付危机,在社会保障领域,越来越多的专家和学者开始把目光重新投向非政府组织。在对“福利病”的治理过程中,政府从福利服务领域退出,而强调非政府组织的参与和合作,取得了很好的效果。在本文中,笔者立足于中国的现状与问题,对西方国家的新实践进行了实证考察;并从社会保障法的视角,对中国的非政府组织进行了解析与重构。笔者认为,我国目前局面的形成,隐性债务固然是一个重要的方面,但,由于政府责任定位不清,特别是与民间责任的划分不清而造成的官僚管理成本居高不下,也是一个不可忽视的因素。因此,笔者对一些国家里运用非政府组织机制提供社会保障服务的实践进行了着重介绍,认为,在我国社会保障领域应当借鉴这一机制,引入非政府组织。全文共四章,连导言在内五个部分,4万余字。导言着重介绍了本文的选题背景和意图,为全文作了必要的铺垫。第一章概述了中国的社会保障现状与存在问题。中国的社会保障中支付危机显现,而政府包办一切带来的官僚成本居高不下是一个不可忽视的因素。第二章介绍了在一些国家由非政府组织取代政府来供给福利服务的实践。由非政府组织提供保障服务是对政府机制和市场机制的有效补充,可以达到整合福利服务,提高服务效率的功能。并对非政府组织兴起的背景和原因进行了分析。第三章对社会保障非政府组织进行了解析。笔者从历史和现实的层面,对中、外社会保障非政府组织进行了对比分析:(1)从社会结构上来看,西方的社会结构呈现二元化,国家与社会相对分离,互相制衡,为非政府部门的存在提供了基础;而中国的社会领域极不发达,被政治国家所吸收,因此非政府部门无从谈起。(2)从历史传统上看,西方非政府组织慈善公益服务历史悠久,而中国则注重家庭和个人保障,非政府组织公益活动不发达。(3)从现实与政策环境上看,西方多采取扶持与鼓励的政策,而中国的非政府组织受到诸多限制。第四章是对社会保障非政府组织的重构建议。笔者在上述分析的基础上认为,中国的非政府组织与西方和国际相比有很大差距,需要调整和转型。并建议从以下方面着手:(1)理清政府责任与民间责任;(2)完善社会保障服务准入制度;(3)转制和培育;(4)建立和完善非政府组织的运营监管体制。在本文中,笔者主要采用了法律实证分析、历史分析以及对比研究等方法,结合中国的现实与西方的实践,对目前中国社会保障中政府与非政府责任问题进行了有益的思考,并给出了笔者的一点浅见。
Currently, changes have taken place in the system of social security in China. However, the reform has been deviating from re-set target and following the old disastrous road of the welfare states: The government bears the whole burden, which is aggravating constantly, and the crisis of payment intensifies now. How to avoid this crisis has become an important issue in front of us. In the west, poverty release、commonweal and charity have been the NGOs’ traditional working areas all the time . The crisis of welfare state took place in the 1990s, and in the field of social security, more and more experts and scholars began to recast sight on NGOs. In the course of administration of" welfare disease", the government withdraws from the field of the welfare services, with much attention and cooperation paid to NGOs, which has achieved great.In this text, the author standing on the condition of our country, observes the practice of the west countries. Seen from the perspective of social security, NGOs in China are analyzed and reconstructed. In the author’s opinion, the recessive debt is no doubt an important factor in this crisis, but, the high cost of the administrative control which is due to the more responsibilities taken by the government, especially than those of the folk, is also an important factor that can not be neglected. So, the author gives good introduction to the practice of NGOs in the west, and consider that NGOs as a mechanism to offer the welfare services should also be introduced to the social security of our country. The full text includes four chapters, with five parts including the introduction, altogether more than 40,000 words.The part of the introduction has emphasized on the background for the title and intention of this text, laying foundation for the full text.Chapter one summarizes the current situation of social security in China and put forward the issue that high cost of the government because of its undertaking the whole thing is a important factor in the problem.Chapter two introduces the practice in west that NGOs supply welfare services in place of the government. NGOs’ services in social security will be more effective than the government and a good help to the marketing system. That can better the welfare services and improve its efficiency. The author also analyzes the background and causes of the NGOs.Chapter three analyzes the NGOs in social security. In this part, the author compares the NGOs in china with those in west from history to real life: (1) Viewed from social structure, the social structure in the west has dualistic levels, the country and society relatively, It checks and balances each other. This offers the foundation for the existence of the non-government department; The social field of China is extremely under-developing, absorbed by the political country, so the non-government department does not know where to begin.(2) Viewed from historical tradition, western NGOs has a long history of participating the social security, while in China more attention was paid to the family and the individual, NGOs in social security is under-developing.(3) Viewed from polices and reality , more policies have been made in the west to support and encourage the development of NGOs, while in China NGOs receives a great deal of restrictions.Chapter four gives some advice on the reconstruction of the NGOs in social security. On the basis of the former analysis, the author considers that the NGOs in China have great differences from those in the west, and need to be changed. This should be done from the following respects:(1) Distinguish the government"s responsibility from the folk responsibility; (2) Perfect the system of the access to the service of social security; (3) Transform and cultivate; (4) Construct and perfect the system of the operation and management of NGOs.In this text, the author proves by legal example and historical analyzes and antithesis. Combining the reality of China with the practice in the west, the author gives good elabora
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