论文标题:民主革命时期国共两党政纲之比较研究
Research on the Relationship between Pay Procedural Fairness and Pay Satisfaction
论文作者 陈方南
论文导师 田克勤,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中共党史
论文单位 东北师范大学,点击次数 193,论文页数 152页File Size6283k
2003-09-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_693609862/ 金融地域运动,金融产业,金融等别结构,金融地域系统,金融一体化
financial regional movement;financial industry;financial grade structure;financial regional system;financial integration
政治纲领是一个政党为了实现其主义或政治理想而提出的一种具体方案，它是政党实现革命理论的首要阶段，是推行革命运动的基本方法。能否正确地制定和执行政治纲领，直接关系到一个政党的生死存亡。在20世纪20年代以后，国共两党力量的消长、历史地位的变化，固然是当时中国社会政治、经济、军事等各种因素综合作用的结果，但归根到底是由两党的政治纲领决定的。 国民党政纲演变的总的趋势是，在国民党执政前，它所制定的新旧三民主义，顺应了历史发展潮流，在一定程度上反映了人民群众反帝反封建的政治需要，并试图用资产阶级民主主义思想反对封建主义思想，代表了先进文化的发展方向，因而这两个纲领都具有一定的进步性，是具有资产阶级性质的革命纲领。但随着国民党全国政权的建立，其纲领便开始丧失这有限的进步性，逐步演变成为维护国民党一党专政和独裁统治的工具，纲领的性质也随之发生了根本的改变，成为大地主大资产阶级性质的反动纲领。这时，国民党的政纲已不能继续反映人民群众的根本利益，也不再具有号召和团结民众的力量，再加上在纲领的执行中国民党出现了严重错误，使它失去了广泛的群众基础，终于导致了国民党政纲的彻底失败。国民党的力量也随着政纲的演变而由强变弱，对中国革命的影响由大变小，其统治地位由执政下降到非执政地位，最后失去了在大陆的统治。 中国共产党的政治纲领是无产阶级性质的革命纲领，从党成立的那一天起，就不曾改变过，而且在革命斗争的实践中政纲的内容得到了不断的丰富、完善和发展，成为全国人民一致拥护的政治纲领。中国共产党对政纲的正确贯彻执行，又使它赢得了民心，从而积蓄了革命力量，增强了它在政权更替中的合法性因素，并最终在人民群众的支持下打败了国民党，取得了中国新民主主义革命的最后胜利，完成了中国共产党从非执政地位到执政地位的根本性转变。 通过对国共两党政纲的比较，可以看出，两党政纲既有相同或相似的地方，又有不同之处。其中，相同或相似的地方主要表现在:第一，两党在一定历史时期的政治纲领具有相同点，这是历史发展的必然结果。第二，国共两党政纲的演变过程十分相似。第三，国共两党在纲领的制定和执行上都出现了错误。第四，国共两党都十分重视军队在政权建设中的重要性。但由于国共两党代表的阶级利益不同，因而两党纲领也存在差异，主要是:第一，国共两党政纲的性质不同。第二，国共两党在不同历史阶段的政纲内容不同。第三，国共两党政纲实施的结果和对两党的影响不同。 从国共两党政纲的比较中得出的结论是:第一，要正确认识政党政纲在政党生存和发展中的重要性，认真对待政纲的制定与执行，落后于社会发展的现实或超越时代发展要求的政纲，都是不可行的。第二，一个政党在提出自己的政治理想，制定实现理想的政治纲领时，不能凭主观愿望去做，而要以这个政治纲领是否反映了社会生产力的发展要求，是否代表了人民群众的根本利益，是否指明了先进文化的前进方向为依据。第三，政党政纲应能与时俱进，具有创见性。由于社会发展和时代进步是历史发展的必然，因此，政党应在不同的历史阶段，针对不同的革命任务，及时调整政纲内容，但这种调整不是以能否巩固自己的统治为前提的，而是以是否符合社会发展为依据的。第四，执政党还应加强党的自身建设，提高党员素质，增强党员在执行政党政纲中的自觉性、主动性，这是保证政党政纲能够得到正确贯彻执行的重要因素，也是党的执政地位能否稳固的决定性因素。国民党的党建失败对其政党失败产生的消极影响，和共产党在党建过程中遭受的挫折给我们敲响了警钟，很值得我们去思考。
The political program is the specific guidelines of a political party to realize its doctrine or its political ideal. Not only is it an initial stage to realize the party"s revolutionary theories, but also a concrete project to promote revolutionary exercise. Whether a party can properly establish and carry out the political outline or not directly concerns its survival. After 1920"s, the growth and decay of the Nationalist Party and the Communist Party, the historical position"s change of two parties, was surely a result by the comprehensive function of the factors of politics, economy, military, etc. of the Chinese society at that time. But in the final analysis, was decided by the political outlines of these two parties.The total development trend of the political program of the Kuomintang is that, before the Kuomintang was in power, the old Three People"s Principles and the new Three People"s Principles had adapted the historical development trends. They reflected the political requirement in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal of the masses to a certain degree. And they tried to use the bourgeoisie democratic ideas to fight against feudalistic ideas, which represented the development direction of the advanced culture. Then the two outlines both had the certain advancement and they were revolution outlines of bourgeoisie character. But the political program of the Kuomintang started to lose its limited progressiveness along with the establishment of national political power. Then, it gradually turned into an instrument to support its one-party dictatorship. The character of its outline also took place in basis, and it became the reactionary outline of the big landlord and the big bourgeoisie. At this time, the political program of the Kuomintang had hardly continuously reflected the basic benefits of the masses, and also no longer had the strength to call and unite the people. Furthermore, the Kuomintang appeared the serious mistakes in executing the program, and made it lose the extensive masses foundation. Finally, it caused the thorough failure for the outline of the Kuomintang. The power of the Kuomintang changed from strong to weak, either. Its influence onChinese revolution kept weakening. The position of its governance descended from ruling status. Finally, it lost the dominion in the mainland.The political outline of the Chinese Communist Party is a proletarian one. It had never changed since the first day it was established. The contents of the political program got continuous development in the revolutionary struggle practice. And it became the political outline that the whole people consistently supported. To correctly formulate and execute the political outline made the Chinese Communist Party enjoy the ardent support of the people. Then it saved the revolutionary forces and strengthened the legitimacy factor in the substitution of the political power. Finally, it vanquished the Kuomintang with the support of the masses, obtained the victory of the Chinese new democratic revolution and completed the radical change of the Chinese Communist Party from a party not in the office to the head of the government.Through the comparison of the political outlines of these two parties, we can know that their outlines have both similarities and differences. The similarities are: first, the political outlines in the certain historical period had the same point, and this was the inevitable outcome by the historical developing. Second, the evolution process of the two political outlines was very alike. Third, the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party both appeared the mistake during the outlines being established and carried out. At last, both the parties paid more attention to the importance of the troops in the developments of the political power. However, because the two parties represented the different classes" interests, the two outlines also had difference. First, the character of the two parties" programs was different. Second, The programs of the two parties in the different history sta
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