论文标题:中国城市贫困问题的社会学分析
Sociological Research of Urban Poverty Issues in China
论文作者
论文导师 杨生勇,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 39,论文页数 44页File Size2138K
2006-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_694870037/
Poverty; Urban poverty; Counter-poverty pattern; Counter-poverty Measure
贫困问题是一个世界性课题，而反贫困始终是当今世界各国所面临的重大主题之一。改革开放以来，我国政府在反贫困等方面取得了举世瞩目的成就，但由于长期的历史因素和现实因素，贫困问题仍然是困扰中国社会的主要问题之一。20世纪90年代以来，由于经济全球化的影响，在市场经济价值观念的引导下，经济体制急剧转轨，企业改革也逐步深化，由此在中国城市社会引发了诸多经济和社会问题，加上中国社会保障安全网本身的脆弱和不足，短短几年中，就在城市中迅速形成了以下岗职工和失业人员为主体的城市贫困群体。当前，中国贫困问题的突出特点之一是城市贫困化日益严重。由于城市贫困人口相对集中，这样一个庞大的城市贫困群体，从生活、就业、保障等方面都给国家和社会带来沉重的压力，对社会稳定构成巨大威胁。在我国实现科学发展，构建和谐社会的今天，进行城市贫困和反贫困研究，实施有效的社会救助举措和城市反贫困战略，对切实保障所有社会成员分享改革发展的成果，维护和实现社会公平，促进经济和社会发展，推动社会主义现代化建设，具有十分重要的意义。 本文从社会学的视角出发，在总结现有研究成果，概述关于贫困的涵义和分类的基础上，阐述和分析了我国城市贫困基本状况、特征和消极社会影响，进而分析了城市贫困的深层原因，最后提出了城市反贫困的一般模式和具体对策。对城市贫困原因的分析主要从社会结构角度和个人家庭角度两个方面展开，社会结构角度的原因重点从社会制度与政策、转型和流动等方面探索贫困出现的根源；个人家庭角度的原因重点从个人自身的素质、家庭状况及生活处境探讨它们如何影响贫困。综合认为，我国社会转型时期的城市贫困是由于基本政策的失误、产业结构的畸形、竞争导致的优胜劣汰与两极分化、农村剩余劳动力的冲击、产业结构调整与国有企业改革、收入分配与社会保障制度的缺陷、贫困者的自身素质、贫困者的家庭负担等综合原因导致的。城市反贫困有以下四种一般模式：发展极反贫困模式、人力资本投资模式、制度反贫困模式和社会基本保障模式。我国的城市反贫困应该采取建立就业促进机制、建立合理的分配制、完善社会保障体系、增加教育支持等具体对策。
Poverty is a worldwide subject, and all the time counter-poverty is one of the major problems faced by the countries across the world. Since the reform and opening-up policy, our government has achieved world famous success in counter-poverty issues etc; however, poverty is still one of problems that plague Chinese society due to long-term historical and realistic factors. Since 1990s, the economic system has made a dramatic transfer and enterprise reforms have gradually become deeper because of the influence of economic globalization and the guidance of market economy, hence, many social and economic problems emerged in Chinese cities. In addition to the weak and incomplete welfare system, the unemployed group of people taking the laid-off workers and jobless people as the core emerged quietly. At present, the obvious characteristic of China"s poverty is the increasingly worsening urban poverty. Such a large group of poor citizens have put a threat to social stability, a swells, and have borough about great pressure in the aspects of life, employment and welfare of our country, It is significant to conduct an urban poverty and counter-poverty research and implement an effective measure and strategy of solving the problem of poverty with a purpose of insuring all citizens sharing the fruit of reform and opening-up, maintaining and realizing social equality, helping the development of economy and society and speeding up the modernization in the harmonus and science developing society.This article embarks from the sociological perspective, elaborates and analyzes the basic condition of urban poverty, the characteristics and the negative social impact based on the summary of the existing research results and the outline of the poverty implication and its classification. Then analyzes the in-depth reasons of urban poverty, and finally proposes the general urban counter- poverty patterns and concrete countermeasures. The analysis of urban poverty are mainly conducted from the emphasis of social structure and individual family; the emphasis of social structure analysis is put on the root of social systems, policies, transformation and flowing etc; the emphasis of individual family analysis is put on the discussion of personal qualities, family background and living condition and how the above factors influence poverty. To sum up, the urban poverty in the transitional period of our country is caused by the miscarriage of basic policy, the
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