论文标题:美国对外关系中的理想成分与现实因素探析
Study on Excessive Competition of China Socialist Market Economy
论文作者 吴功荣
论文导师 张琏瑰,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国际政治学
论文单位 中共中央党校,点击次数 78,论文页数 35页File Size231k
2001-05-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_697140247/ 风险投资,高科技产业,信息不对称,分期注入资本,期间决策, 投资工具选择,管理监控,外部支持系统
Venture Capital,high-tech enterprises,dissymetry,risk control, management,external supporting system
在国际关系理论中，传统的现实主义学派与理想主义学派一直是国际政治研究的主流，是认识、分析、预测、评价国际社会行为主体间的关系及其发展变化的重要工具。这两个学派虽然在理论层面上对立的，但在政策层面往往矛盾交织、相互渗透。加之国际政治的主要行为体（民族国家）因政治文化传统、价值观念、意识形态、决策机制等诸多因素和国际政治环境演变的影响，其处理对外关系、制订对外政策中理想成分和现实因素含量也有所不同。因而本文在考察美国外交时，就是从国际关系理论的视角及美国对外关系的典型实践，采取历史与现实相结合、理论与实践相照应的方法，进行论述分析，以期全面深入地了解和认识其外交活动的本质内涵。 全文共分三个部分构成论述的逻辑框架。第一部分主要是从美利坚民族独特的政治文化传统的角度剖析美国外交传统所蕴涵的理想成分和现实因素，并对其基本点作了扼要的提炼和概括；第二部分是通过考察美国对外关系的实践活动来透视其体现的理想成分和现实因素。主要从政策、历史和现实三个层面入手。政策层面重点围绕其外交决策的运行机制和有关重要影响因素加以分析，从其错综复杂的外交政策政治学中推断出其对外政策的理想和现实倾向。历史层面则侧重于摄取其对外关系发展历程中的典型外交事例进行考证，凸显其外交活动的规律性内容。现实层面主要结合克林顿政府基于“冷战”后美国“一超”地位的确立和巩固而奉行的“新干涉主义”进行评析，进一步揭示美国称霸世界意图的明确性和手段的多样性，更清楚地认识其理想外交的现实内涵。第三部分根据前两部分的论述和分析，总结和评论其对外关系中的本质性内容：一是理想主义的实用性，反映美国理想主义外交并非有悖与美国国家利益，只是其实现现实利益的一种手段和工具。二是利益至上的扩张性，阐明美国正是借助“理想”的外衣掩盖其追求自身利益的真实意图，从而把对外扩张一次次推向高潮。三是国家实力的参照性，证明美国崇尚实力，并以实力为后盾推进其称霸世界的外交战略。最后说明美国对外关系中的理想主义和现实主义虽形式各异，但其共同的目的都是为实现美国的政治、经济、文化等利益服务的，这也是本文的落脚点。
Among various theories of international relationship, traditional schools of realism and idealism have been the main steam of the international politics study and the important tools to grasp, analyze, predict and assess the relationship of international main actors and it"s changes, Although these two schools conflict with each other in theory aspect, they usually mingle and penetrate interactively in policy making .Besides due to the difference in politic culture tradition values, ideology policy-making mechanism etc. And the influence of the changes of international politic environment, the elements of idealism and realism are equally weighed in dealing with foreign relationship and policy making of nation state. Therefor the thesis takes the perspective of the basic international relationship theory and the typical cases in America"s foreign relationship, apply the means of history and reality combination, theory and practice correlation to probe America"s diplomacy, carry out analyzing so as to get profound and comprehensive understanding of the essence of it"s diplomatic activities . The thesis consists of three parts. The first part mainly analyzes the elements of idealism and realism in America"s diplomatic tradition from the perspective of America"s peculiar political culture tradition and then make brief refinement and generalization of their basic points. The second part taps the elements of idealism and realism through the analyzing of America"s foreign relationship activities . the tapping is carried out through the three aspects of policy history and reality The policy aspect mainly analyze the functional mechanism of America"s diplomatic policy-making and other relative influential factors, and infer the tendency of idealism and realism in America foreign policy from it"s complicated diplomatic and policy politics. The history aspect basically study typical diplomatic cases in the development of it"s foreign relationship , in order to dig out the regularity in it"s diplomatic activities .The reality aspect carry out analysis and assessment on the basis of the "New Interventionism" doctrine which is advocate by the Bill Colinton government along with the establishment and strengthening of America"s the only superpower position, and further disclose the definite intention of American global hegemony and the variety of it"s means, so as to more clearly it"s reality essence under cover of idealism. The third part basis on the narration and analysis of prior two parts , generalizes and assesses it"s foreign relationship .First point is pragmatic function of idealism shows that America"s idealism diplomacy is not necessarily in conflict with it"s national interests ,but the means and tool to realize it"s interests .The second point is expansion based on it"s interest priority, thus reveals that it"s just this real intention of self interests seeking under the cover of idealism that drives it"s expansion to it"s apex. The third point is consideration based on national power , and proves that America advocates power and takes it as basis to carry out it diplomatic strategy of global hegemony .Finally the thesis confirms that despite the different forms of it"s idealism and realism, their shared goal is to serve for the realization of America"s interest in it"s , politics economy culture ,etc .which is just the main point of the thesis.
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