论文标题:云南红壤上蓖麻的N、P、K吸收与施肥技术研究
The Absorption of Nitrogen(N), Phosphorus(P) and Potassium(K) and Fertilizing Technology Research of Castor (Ricinus Communis L.) in Red Soil Districts of Yunnan Province
论文作者 江惠琼
论文导师 郭顺堂,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 种植
论文单位 中国农业大学,点击次数 119,论文页数 42页File Size1676k
2005-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_70890122/ 吸肥规律;营养特性;施肥技术;蓖麻;红壤;栽培;云南
fertilizer absorption rule; nutrition characteristics; fertilizing technology; Castor (Ricinus communis L.); red soil; cultivation; Yunnan province
本文以云南北亚热带气候下的红壤旱地为试验条件,选用蓖麻品种TCO-202为试验材料,通过对苗期、现蕾期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期五个蓖麻生长关键时期根、茎、叶、花序各器官的干物质积累和氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)吸肥量的测定,研究云南红壤上蓖麻的营养特性和吸肥规律;依据蓖麻的营养特性和吸肥规律,结合云南红壤氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的含量与利用效率,制定适合云南红壤上蓖麻栽培的施肥技术研究方案。应用普通过磷酸钙(750千克/公顷)和腐熟农家肥(15000千克/公顷)做基肥,以不施任何基肥为对照,并以尿素的三种施肥水平(300千克/公顷、450千克/公顷、600千克/公顷)做追肥处理,对当年生和宿生两年生物学特性作综合分析。试验结果表明:干物质积累速率从出苗到灌浆一直在上升,到灌浆期达最大值,灌浆期以后开始减慢,各个时期干物质积累量大小依次为:开花至灌浆期>苗期至现蕾期>灌浆期至成熟期>现蕾期至开花期>苗期;蓖麻氮、磷、钾的吸收量在整个生育期遵从:“慢—快—慢—快—慢”的规律,吸收速率函数曲线呈现驼峰型,两个吸肥速率高峰出现在现蕾期和灌浆期;在云南红壤上蓖麻每生产100千克籽粒需氮(N)7.71千克,磷(P)1.26千克,钾(K)4.42千克,吸肥比例为:1∶0.16∶0.57。TCO-202在云南红壤上栽培,施肥试验结果以15000千克/公顷有机肥作底肥,450千克/公顷尿素作追肥的产量最好,当年生和宿生都获得最高的种子产量。
This paper aims to find out the nutrition characteristics and fertilizer absorption rule of Castor in arid red soil districts under the subtropical climate of Yunnan province, and establish a corresponding fertilizing technology under the condition. It choose the variety TCO-202 of Castor (Ricinus communis L. ) as test material to observe and record the dry matter accumulation of each organ as root, stem, foliage and inflorescence, which are in the five critical growth stages as seedling stage、 bud stage、 blooming stage、 filling stage、 maturation stage of Castor {Ricinus communis L.) respectively, and measure out the fertilizer absorption amount of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K). Then have a test on contrasting the two dispositions that taking ordinary superphosphate and decayed farm manure as basal manures respectively without fertilizing any basic manure before, and treating urea as complementary fertilizer in three fertilizing quotas, to analyze the two-year yields comprehensively through the result of testing to the two-factor random group. The results indicate that the accumulation speed of dry matter keep ascending from emerging to grain filling until hit its maximum in filling stage and keep descending after that time. And the dry matter accumulation arranged in order of amount in each stage is: Blooming stage to Filling stage>Seedling stage to Bud stage>Filling stage to Maturation stage>Bud stage to Blooming stage>Seedling stage. The absorption amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of Castor (Ricinus communis L.) in the whole growth duration comply with the law of "slow-fast-slow-fast-slow", and the function curve of absorption speed present a type of hump with two pinnacles of fertilizer absorption speed appeared in the stage of bud and filling. The Castor (Ricinus communis L.) under the condition of red soil cultivation of Yuunan province needs 7.71kg nitrogen(N), 1.26kg phosphorus(P) and 4.42kg potassiurn(K) respectively to produce each 100kg seed with the proportion of fertilizer absorption as 1: 0.16: 0.57. TCO-202 will hit its best yield and maximum seedling yield both in annual and perennial under the condition of red soil cultivation with taking 15000kg/hm organic manure as basic manure and 450kg/hm urea as complementary fertilizer.
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