论文标题:社会转型期中国农民养老问题研究
A Research on the Problem of How to Provide for the Aged Peasants in the Period of Social Transformation
论文作者 王春光
论文导师 万仁德,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 73,论文页数 41页File Size1762k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_70924232/ 农民养老保障;家庭养老;社会养老
security for the aged peasants; feeding the old by the family; feeding the old by the society
近年来，伴随着建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标的确定和社会结构转型的加快，改革计划经济体制下形成的旧的社会保障模式，使之与我国经济体制改革与社会结构转型相配套，已成为迫切需要解决的问题，亦成为学术探讨的一个热点。本文以社会学的视角即社会结构转型的视角，从现阶段城乡二元社会格局依然存在的情况下出发，根据经济体制转轨与社会结构转型的实际变化，设计了相应的农民社会养老保险模式，以保持社会稳定，促进社会结构的进一步转型与经济体制转轨目标的实现。在提出问题的基础上，文章首先回顾了我国农村养老保障的发展历程。然后从两个方面对我国老年农民养老的现状展开了实证调查：一是农民老人的家庭状况及代际变化情况；二是老年农民的个人情况及对目前养老保险的认可程度。同时根据调查的情况从两个方面进行了分析，一是农民传统养老模式存在的基础及面临的挑战；二是农民社会化养老的历史必然性和现实的局限性。 最后，结合农民养老的历史、现状以及未来农民养老保障的发展趋势，从我国目前乃至今后相当长一段时间仍处于社会转型的现实出发，本文提出了我国农民养老的基本设想。具体来说，现阶段的年满60岁的老年农民和以种养业为主的农民仍以土地作为其养老保障的经济基础实行以家庭养老为主；对于农村的教师、医生、个体工商户及离土不离乡的农民季节工等有工资性收入的富裕农民则实行农村社会养老保障；对在乡镇企业工作的从业人员应建立起独立的养老保障体系；现已离开农村进城务工的农民要纳入城市职工社会养老保障体系，并促其早日与城市社会保障体系整合。
In the recent years, with the confirmation of the reformational target of the market economy system and the quickening of the transformation of the social structure, it has become an urgent requirement for the government to reform the old pattern of social security system so that it may be cooperative with the restructuring of the economic system and the transformation of social structure. Taking the existence of the binary distinction between city and countryside into consideration, this thesis tries to provide a corresponding mode of endowment insurance in the rural areas according to the transition of economic system and the transformation of social structure. On the basis of finding out the problems, the author first reviewed the developing course of the security system for the aged peasants. After that, the author investigated the current condition of the feeding of the old peasants from two aspects: 1) the domestic condition of the aged peasants and the changes from generation to generation; 2) the essential condition of the aged peasants and their degrees of approbation on the issue of the current endowment insurance. And then, the author analyzed the investigation from two aspects: 1) the reason for the existence of the traditional mode of the feeding of the aged peasants and its shortcomings; 2) the inevitability and limitations of feeding the aged peasants by the society.Lastly, the author put forward a method for our country to provide for the aged peasants on the basis of the fact that nowadays as well as a long time afterward our country is and will be in the state of social transformation. To speak it in detail, this method has divided the peasants into four groups: 1) those who are more than sixty years old and those who mainly deal with planting and breeding. Those people are mainly fed by their family and the land is their economic basis; 2) peasant teachers, doctors, self-employed laborers and the seasonal laborers. They should be fed by therural society; 3) those who are employed by the township business. For them, there should be an independent security system; 4) the peasant workers who have left the rural areas to work in the cities. They should be included in the social security system aiming at the urban workers.
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