论文标题:试论抗战时期西康宁属屯垦委员会的夷务治理
On the Ningshu Opening up Wasteland Committee"s Administration in Ethnic Affairs During the Anti-Japanese War
论文作者 阿牛曲哈莫
论文导师 侯德础,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 四川师范大学,点击次数 84,论文页数 66页File Size3007k
2004-05-05论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_740753672/ 宁属,屯垦委员会,夷务
the Ningshu,the Committee of Opening up Wasteland,the administration in ethnic affairs
抗战军兴后，我国大片国土迅即沦陷或成为战区。随着国民政府及东部工业的络绎西迁，国民政府把大宗出口矿产品和经济作物以支持抗战，向抗战军民提供粮食，向正在开发中的大后方工业提供原料的重担，一齐压在了广袤的西部大后方。自然资源极其丰富，但又惜因交通、资金、技术所限，长期未能得到开发的西康宁属，其开发建设便自然被提上抗战的重要议程。夷务治理是宁属建设的主要内容。为了全面处理宁属的经济、建设、民族关系、教育教化等夷务，1939年，宁属屯垦委员会应运而生。 宁属屯垦委员会成立后，通过剿抚、教化、发展夷区经济等重要方法，积极开展宁属夷务治理。1939年—1941年，宁属屯垦委员会初步治理夷务，因各项夷务正在接管过渡，夷务治理尚处于接触摸索阶段。1941年—1945年，为宁属屯垦委员会全面治理夷务阶段。其间，在刘文辉的支持下，各项治理工作全面展开，各项治理措施颇有成效。在剿抚时注重策略，运用“不要见面礼”、“不收投诚费”等方式，办理夷人归顺投诚；通过设立政治指导区、开办边民实验学校、发展夷区社会教育、改进夷人生活习惯、厉行禁烟等办法，不断教育感化夷人，巩固夷务治理效果；同时积极发展夷区经济，修筑道路、实施屯垦、创办农场，加强汉、夷经济交流，促进民族融合。1945年以后，由于刘元瑄大权在握，屯垦委员会的实际事务由其主办，夷务治理方向和策略发生变化，治理效果日渐弱化。 中文摘要 在抗战大背景下成立的旨在开发利用宁属资源以支持抗战的宁属屯垦委员会，紧紧围绕夷民剿抚、教育教化、经济民生而开展的各项夷务事业，取得了一定成绩。如屯委会组织垦荒，大量开垦荒地，增加了宁属粮食供应，在一定程度上稳定了后方粮食供需平衡，屯委会还通过各类教化措施，促使长期处于奴隶社会阶段的凉山彝族同胞，在生活习俗、卫生习惯等方面有了明显的改观。尽管刘文辉治理西康、经营宁属的动机是在抗战时期各种政治力童消长、各种关系合纵连横的复杂背景下形成的，但从客观效果上评价，屯垦委员会对于宁属的社会、经济、文化、卫生各项事业还是发挥过实际推动作用。 但是，鉴于国民政府和刘文辉等地方实力派开发宁属的动因非常复杂，且是出于支持抗战应急之需，从总体上看，宁属的夷务治理略显仓促，缺少计划和长远规划。限于战时的动荡局势及有限的财力支持，加之治夷者在宁属人地两殊、交通不便、语言交流不畅、人才缺乏，终致部分治理计划流于形式。囿于抗战的应急性与治宁者一定程度的功利性，实际上在宁属的治理开发中，应战时之需掠取利用资源取代了合理规划、科学开发、长远建设之主旨，终究成为宁属夷务治理的主要败笔。
Chinese Modern History Major Postgraduate: Aniu Quhamo Supervisor:Hou Dechu AbstractSince the Anti-Japanese war broke out, most land of China were soon occupied by Japanese or turned into war zones. With the Guo mindang and the industries of East China moving to the west one after another, western China, the rear area was forced to bear the responsibilities of the production of mineral products, industrial crops, foods and industrial materials. The construction of Ningshu of Xikang was placed on agenda of the Anti-Japanese war, for it was rich in natural resources, but has not been developed well for the hindrance of traffic, funds and technique etc.Administration in ethnic affairs was an important content of the construction of Ningshu. Committee of Opening up Wasteland was founded in 1939 to conduct the ethnic affairs. The committee developed the minorities by suppression and appeasement, education and economic development. 1934-1941 was the beginning of the administration of ethnic affairs. 1941-1945 was the all-round administration of the ethnic affairs. Supported by LiuWenhui, the administration was in full swing. Many measures were taken to appease and inculcate the minorities, such as setting political instruction zones, establishing ethnic schools, developing social education in ethnic areas and improving the ethnic customs. In addition, methods were used to develop the economy as building road, opening up wasteland, founding farms andenhancing the communication between Han and minorities. It had marked success during those years. After 1945, the administration managed by LiuYuanxuan changed directions and strategies, so the effect became weaker.Achievements were made by the Committee of Opening up Wasteland in various ethnic affairs. The committee organized people to reclaim wasteland, which increased the grain supply in Ningshu, established the balance between supply and demand of Ningshu in some extent. Also, the committee improved the hygiene custom of the Yi nationality in slave society of Liangshan with enlightening methods. The committee really promoted the social causes of economy, culture and hygiene of Ningshu.Generally speaking, the administration of ethnic affairs, however, seemed to be hasty without a long-term plan for the Guo mindang and the local government had complicated intentions to develop Ningshu and the committee was an emergency program in the Anti-Japanese war. Some administrative plans became a mere formality, because of the turbulent situation, limited financial support and language barrier. Moreover, with the utilitarianism of the governors, the policy of exploitation of resources was carried out rather than a reasonable plan and a long-term construction in the administration and development of Ningshu, which was a main flaw in the administration of Ningshu.
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