论文标题:问题教学与学生的创造性思维培养
Problem-based Teaching and the Cultivation of Students" Creativity
论文作者 张湘韵
论文导师 张楚廷,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 课程与教学论
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 119,论文页数 56页File Size3157k
2004-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_740939382/ 问题;问题教学;创造性思维;自由对话
question,Problem-based teaching,creative thinking,making conversation freely
新一轮基础教育课程改革正如火如荼的展开，随着课程观的转变，教学观、师生观也发生相应的变化。传统教学模式所暴露出的弊端已不容忽视，传统教学培养出来的学生缺乏创新精神，缺乏灵活运用知识的能力，学习能力差，种种现象表明传统教学模式已不能适应时代发展的要求。 21世纪是知识信息的时代，那种一味追求知识的量的增加的教学方法应该让位于旨在培养学生的创新能力、自主学习、主动探究、建立合理知识结构的教学方法，而这也正是我们新时期基础教育课程改革所需要的。学校教育的根本任务在于使学习者学会如何学习，不断创新，使知识对人真正有意义。 问题教学正是创设以问题为中心的教学情境，鼓励学生亲身体验，大胆假设，通过小组合作寻求问题解决的过程。同时在教学过程中，不局限于问题的唯一解，而是培养学生的发散性思维，充分发挥学生自身所具有的创造才能，注重学生的每一个个体，尊重个体的创造性。本文旨在通过研究创造性思维的特征、性质将问题教学与学生创造性培养结合起来，培养学生如何发现问题，解决问题，在发现问题、解决问题的过程中激发学生思维，发展学生的发散性思维。 文章分为六大部分，包括引言、思维与创造性思维、提问、问题教学策略教学理念以及结论。文章主要采用文献资料法对问题教学进行研究。正值新一轮基础教育课程改革之际，研究性学习成为课改的一大亮点，研究性学习是根植于学生的生活实际，在具体情境中发现问题、解决问题，它对传统课堂教学产生了巨大的冲击。如果我们还按照传统教学观进行课堂教学，那将与课改脱节，如何将课堂教学与研究性学习较好结合，使得课内外有机联系起来是本文研究的重点。笔者认为我们必须着眼于问题教学，使二者相辅相成，推动课改的进一步深入。文章通过对传统教学的批判，变被动学习为主动学习希望对当今教学改革有所裨益。
The current elementary education reform has been an extension all over the country. With the transitional view of course, teaching view, teachers and students view change correspondingly too. It can"t be ignored that the drawback of traditional teaching model already make students lack the initiative spirit and the ability to use knowledge flexibly, which indicates traditional teaching model can"t meet the request for era development already.The 21st century is the era of knowledge and information, New teaching method which aims at students" innovation ability, students" autonomous learning, students" research and students" well-ground knowledge structure should substitute for the traditional teaching method for the increase of quantity of knowledge, which is asked by the elementary education reform. The basic task of school education lies in making learners know how to study, how to innovate, and understanding the value of education to people.Problem-based teaching encourages students to experience in person, to suppose ,and to solve questions through group cooperation, by designing the problem-centred teaching situation. It is not asked to give the only answer to any questions in the course of teaching ,which is helpful for cultivating the students"divergent thinking and creative ability ,and pay attention to the student"s creativity and respect the individual"s creativity.This thesis researches the characteristic of the creative thinking and nature to combine problem-based teaching with the cultivation of students" creativity and how to pinpoint the problems, solve the problem , stimulate student"s thinking during the process of pinpointing the problems, solving the problem and develop students" divergent thinking .The thesis is composed of six parts that are preface, thinking and creative thinking, making problem, the strategies of problem-based teaching and conclusion. The thesis researches the problem-based teaching with all kinds of documents.The research learning is the spotlight in the current elementary education reform. Research learning implants the life reality to the students so that it motivates students to pinpoint the problems, solve the problems in different situation, which produceds enormous impact to the traditional classroom instruction. It is inevitable that it will disaccord with elementary education reform if we still carry on the classroom instruction according to traditional teaching view. The emphesis on this thesis is how to combine study classroom instruction with research learning. The author"s opinion is that we must focus on problem-based teaching and it is expected that this thesis is beneficial to current education reform by the criticism to traditional teaching.
|
