论文标题:家庭养老的伦理思考
On the Ethical Think of Family Service for the Aged
论文作者 袁永红
论文导师 李桂梅,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 伦理学
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 52,论文页数 50页File Size2462k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_757848467/ 家庭养老;传统孝道;人道;公正;制度保障
family service for the aged; traditional filial piety;humanitarianism; justness; system guarantee
家庭养老是世界范围内普遍存在的一种养老方式。有关家庭养老的概念问题,国内学术界有不同说法,本文采用姚远的“家庭养老是由家庭成员承担养老责任的文化模式和运作方式的总称”这一说法。因为这一概念较为全面准确的概括了家庭养老的基本特征,它不仅是一种行为方式,更是一种文化的反映。 绵延千载的家庭养老有一个形成、发展、强化、转变以及现代化的过程。先秦至鸦片战争前夕,支撑家庭养老的内在思想基础是传统孝道,这一阶段的家庭养老可归之为传统家庭养老时期;鸦片战争以后,家庭养老得以维系的内在思想基础有了新的变化,家庭养老开始进入现代化时期。 在考察家庭养老的运行特点及整体演变趋势的基础上,可以看出,传统家庭养老的伦理基础是传统孝道。孝道本是家庭内调节代际关系的基本伦理原则与规范,随着封建统治阶级的大力提倡与强化,传统孝道逐渐从一种家庭伦理演变成一种普遍性的社会伦理,具有政治性、精神性以及道德责任性的特点。 现代家庭养老的伦理理论是在对传统孝道的批判继承的基础上发展形成的。人道主义、公正原则是现代家庭养老的主要伦理基础。所谓家庭养老的人道原则,其基本含义就是指,家庭成员在履行养老义务时必须以尊重人的价值和权利为前提,以关爱人的生命与幸福为目的。家庭养老中的公正原则是一种社会公正,是社会资源在代际分配间的公平。 现代家庭养老在其实践过程中,应注意从伦理型向法制型转变,以制度保障家庭养老;充分利用物质赏罚激励家庭养老;创造舆论,督导家庭养老。此外,还要充分重视家庭成员的自觉主动性以及老年人自身的积极性,真正达到“以人为本,代际和谐,不分年龄,人人共享”的社会目标,较好的解决人口老龄化下的养老问题。
The way of family services for the aged is generally accepted in the world. There are three thoughts on it in our country: 1) the theory of feeling, 2) theory of family, 3) theory of way to serve. Although they illustrate from different sides the family service for the aged, there is a certain oneness in their theory. Yao"yuan thinks that it is a culture and operation mode for the families to support the aged, and therefore his theory is adopted in this paper. It is not only a behavior way but also a reflection of the culture because this thought precisely generalized the basic characteristics of the family service for the aged. The long history of family service for the aged has a process of forming, developing, strengthening, changing, modernizing. It was a traditional family service from the dynasty of earlier Ch"in to the eve of Opium War, and from the Opium War to the foundation of new China, the traditional thoughts being impacted, family service for the aged was in the period of changing. We can know that the ethical thought of traditional family service for the aged is traditional and filial when we study its operating characteristics and the whole trending development.Filial piety properly is the basic principle and criterion to adjust generation relations, but it is gradually developing into, with the feudal governing class advocating and strengthening, a universal society theory, and further into an absolute simple extent to bring about many kinds of silly filial pieties.The new and modern ethic of the family service for the aged is produced on the foundation of criticizing and inheriting the traditional filial piety. The main ethical thought of modern family service for the aged is humanitarianism and equity. The basic meaning of humanitarianism principle of the family service for the aged is that the families provide support for the aged on the precondition of respecting one" value and rights in order to love one"s life and happiness. The
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