论文标题:论我国商事仲裁司法监督制度之完善
论文作者
论文导师 宋朝武,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 中国政法大学,点击次数 85,论文页数 49页File Size892K
2007-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_758578042/
arbitration ;; juridical supervision ;; improve
商事仲裁自有商业活动以来便已出现,其作为商事领域中一种非诉讼解决争议的方式,相对于诉讼而言,具有自主性、效率性、意思自治性和及时性等优势,在当代社会中日益发挥着越来越重要的作用,在国际上也受到普遍认可,在国内也越来越多被人们所接受和选择。但随着商事仲裁迅速发展的同时,人民法院对仲裁的司法监督问题也越来越突出地显示出来。在我国,虽然1991年制定的《民事诉讼法》涉及到仲裁司法监督的部分问题,1994年《仲裁法》对于仲裁司法监督有了进一步明确的规定,2006年最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国仲裁法〉若干问题的解释》的出台,在仲裁司法监督方面表明法院对仲裁的支持,程序操作性有所加强,但是有关人民法院对仲裁司法监督的立法远未跟上时代的步伐,人民法院真正意义上的仲裁司法监督实践也并不成熟。人民法院对仲裁的司法监督不仅仅涉及司法与仲裁的关系,更涉及国家对仲裁的态度,关系到我国仲裁制度的完善及仲裁事业的发展前途,我国司法的形象。因此对于仲裁司法监督的思考研究具有重要的理论意义和实践意义,是一门永恒的课题。本文共分五章对仲裁司法监督的现状及完善等问题作出较为全面的论述: 第一章,商事仲裁司法监督制度概述。从明确概念入手介绍仲裁、商事仲裁及商事仲裁司法监督制度的概念及含义,结合国外和国内对商事仲裁的定义,说明商事仲裁广义上的含义。指出商事仲裁的司法监督是指一国法院依据其国内法律或者有关国际公约的规定,对商事仲裁程序中有关仲裁协议效力及管辖权异议、证据保全、财产保全、商事仲裁裁决的执行等事项进行审查,以决定是否给予支持和协助的行为。同时从仲裁的本质属性、仲裁制度本身的局限性、司法监督与非司法监督的优势、仲裁事业现状及发展的角度分析了对仲裁进行司法监督的必要性。 第二章,外国商事仲裁司法监督制度之立法及国际仲裁规则的考察。通过考察英国、美国、德国、法国和国际商事仲裁规则等法律规定后,得出无论是英美法系还是大陆法系国家,无论是各国国内立法,还是国际仲裁规则,在对仲裁裁决进行司法审查的制度,仲裁立法的国际趋势均倾向于只对仲裁裁决的程序事项进行司法审查,除违反了公共政策外不对仲裁裁决的实体部分进行司法审查,并趋于减少法院对仲裁的司法监督范围。而我国仲裁立法与其相比,显然存在一定的差距,与国际发展趋势不符。 第三章,我国商事仲裁司法监督制度现状及存在问题。通过对我国仲裁司法监督立法现状,结合实践,找出我国仲裁司法监督立法严重滞后,导致在我国仲裁司法监督中出现各种问题,如仲裁协议和管辖权制度存在的问题;国内仲裁裁决与涉外仲裁裁决实行不同的审查标准,实行的是“双轨制”;国内仲裁裁决的司法监督即撤销仲裁裁决与不予执行仲裁裁决两种司法监督制度并存,实行“双重监督”而产生的矛盾和冲突。 第四章,构建我国商事仲裁司法监督制度之设想。笔者通过对仲裁司法监督实践的总结,针对人民法院对仲裁司法监督实务方面中存在的问题,为完善我国仲裁司法监督制度提出一些设想。包括:一是人民法院在确认仲裁协议效力的审查中难以有效解决管辖权的问题,应增加管辖权的规定,确立仲裁庭有仲裁协议效力及管辖权的决定权;当事人提出仲裁协议异议的效力应在实体答辩前等。二是为避免当事人拖延时间,保证仲裁裁决的安全性,符合仲裁程度的效率性,应缩短当事人提出撤销仲裁裁决异议的期限。三是仲裁司法监督应坚持“适度性”,应取消仲裁裁决司法监督中的实体性事项的审查。四是协调撤销仲裁裁决和不予执行仲裁裁决的司法监督制度,将撤销仲裁裁决作为对国内仲裁裁决进行司法监督的唯一救济手段;保留不予执行仲裁裁决司法监督制度,但只适用于对外国仲裁裁决的司法监督。五是对于仲裁程序监督中有关问题,结合司法实务中的常见争议,在仲裁司法监督程序方面目前无法可依,在当事人的确定、审理方式、案件受理费等方面提出了问题和建议。 第五章,结论。通过对立法与司法,理论与实务共同研究,才能构建起仲裁司法监督的架构,以促进我国仲裁事业的健康、持续发展。
Commercial arbitration has existed with the appearance of the commercial activities, as an no-litigation dispute settlement in commercial area, compare with the litigation settlement, it is independent, efficient, self-governing and timely in advantage, it plays an very important role in the modern society, it has been recognized in the international world as well, it also has been accepted and chosen frequently by the citizens in our country. With the fast development of commercial arbitration, the issues of juridical supervision in arbitration by court become outstanding. As in our country, the civil procedure law in 1991 has deal with part of the issues of the juridical supervision in arbitration; the arbitration law in 1994 has prescribed more specific provisions related to juridical supervision in arbitration. The Highest Court has published《The Explanations of some issues about applying the Arbitration Law》in 2006, it indicates that the court support the arbitration in the aspect of juridical supervision, it has enhanced the operational point in procedure, but it is not follow the steps quite well by far, and it is not so mature as it is required to in reality. The juridical supervision in arbitration by court is not only related the relationship between judicature and arbitration, but also related to the attitude that our country on arbitration, related to the development and modification of arbitration system in our country, and related to the shape of judicature. As for this, the research on juridical supervision in arbitration has profound meaning in theory and in practice, it is and eternal topic. This essay will discuss the situation of judicial supervision in arbitration and the issues how to consummate it through these five chapters in detail. In the first chapter, it summarizes the judicial supervision in commercial arbitration. It begins with the definite definition of arbitration, commercial arbitration; juridical supervision system in commercial arbitration, it combines with the definition of commercial arbitration in foreign countries and in our country to explain the definition and meaning of commercial arbitration in general. It indicates the definition of the juridical supervision in commercial arbitration is the court examine the validity of arbitration agreement (clause), jurisdictional objection, evidence save from damage, property save from damage, enforcement of arbitral award, then make the decision to support and assist or not. At the same time, it analyzes the essential of the juridical supervision in commercial arbitration from some aspects, including the essence of arbitration, the limitation of arbitration system, the advantages of juridical supervision and non-juridical supervision, the situation and development of arbitration activities. In the second chapter, it analyzes the legislation of judicial supervision in arbitration in some foreign countries and in International Commercial Arbitration rules. After observing the provisions in UK, US, Germany, France and International Commercial Arbitration rules, it makes a conclusion that wherever in different counties or in international arbitration rules, as for the judicial supervisions arbitration, the trend of arbitral legislation only inclines to judicial supervision the arbitral procedure factors, the only exception that judicial supervision the arbitral substantial factors is the situation that it disobey the public policy, and it also inclines to reduce the scope of judicial supervision in arbitration. Compare to the arbitral legislation in our country, it obviously has definite gaps and differences. In the third chapter, it analyzes the situation and practice of judicial supervision in arbitration of our country in order to find out the limitation of legislation related to the judicial supervision in arbitration, it leads to lots of problems, such as problems in arbitration agreement (clause), jurisdiction, the different examination standards of enforcing arbitral awards that with or without foreign parties, for it carries out“double track”, cancel or not enforce arbitral award both exists, for the“double judicial supervisions”brings the conflicts. In the forth chapter, it provides the suggestions of designing a consummate judicial supervision in arbitration in our country. The writer summarize the practice of judicial supervision in arbitration, find out some problems of judicial supervision in arbitration by court, and give some suggestions to improve the judicial supervision in arbitration system, includes: Firstly, as for the problem that it is hard for court to define the jurisdiction that which court to examine the validity of arbitration agreement (clause), it should increase provisions about jurisdiction, and confirm that arbitration tribunal has right to rule the validity of arbitration agreement(clause) and jurisdiction, and the parties should made the objection before the start of the first hearing of the arbitration tribunal. Secondly, in order to avoid delaying time by the parties, and ensure the safety in arbitral award, associate to the efficient in arbitral procedure, it should shorten the period that parties’objection and apply to cancel the arbitral award; Thirdly, the judicial supervision in arbitration should be“measurable”, so it should cancel the examination of the substantial factors in judicial supervision in arbitration. Fourthly, it should assort with the system of cancellation and non-enforcement of arbitral award, and confirm that the cancellation of arbitral award be the only way of judicial supervision in arbitration, but non-enforcement of arbitral award only used in the arbitral award that contains foreign parties. Fifthly, as for the problems in the judicial supervision in arbitration, combine with the disputes in practices, because there are few specific provisions in this area, it also find out the problems and give some suggestions on confirm the parties, mode of hearing and arbitration fees. In the fifth chapter, it makes a conclusion. It makes the research on the legislation and judicature in theory and in practice to construct the perfect frame of judicial supervision in arbitration, for it will promote the healthy and persistent development of arbitration activities in our country.
|
