论文标题:当代乡村生育观研究
Research on the Fertility Concept in Contemporary Rural Areas
论文作者
论文导师 许佳君,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 河海大学,点击次数 85,论文页数 72页File Size4509K
2007-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_770876592/
contemporary; village; fertility concept ; reasons
自1972年我国政府倡导和施行严格的计划生育政策以来，人口高速增长的态势得到了有效地遏制。人口增长速度的放慢、出生率的下降和总和生育率的降低显示了人们生育行为的变化，同时也说明了人们生育观念的改变，特别是乡村居民生育观念的改变。 本文以浙北A村为个案，运用田野调查的方法，在回顾已有研究的基础上，从生育目的、生育数量、性别偏好、生育质量四个方面对经济条件相对发达的浙北乡村居民生育观念的现状进行了描述。调查发现，浙北乡村居民的生育观念呈现出一种由传统向现代转变的趋势。具体来讲，村民的生育观已由多生向少生转变，由忽视子女质量到重视子女质量转变，由明显的男性偏好向性别偏好弱化转变。文章从社会、家庭和个体三个层面分析了村民生育观念转变的原因。从社会层面来看，农业生产方式的变化、乡镇企业的发展、国家的宣传和实施、社会管理体制的变化为村民生育观念的转变提供了宏观条件和基础；从家庭层面来看，家庭结构、婚姻模式、家庭功能的变化都对生育观念的变化产生了重要影响。从个体层面来看，布迪厄实践理论中的“惯习”概念解释了村民生育观念中无意识或潜意识的状况，而村民在具体生活实践中所遭遇到的不同的问题情境则是导致村民生育观念出现纷繁复杂状况的根本原因。 为此，要改变人们的生育观念，在推动宏观层次的社会变革的同时，我们也必须从微观入手，通过显性或隐性的教育、鼓励人们实践新的生活方式，形成一种双向互动的局面。
Since our government initiated and implemented the policy of family planning, the situation of rapid population increase is effectively under control. The speed of population increase is slowing down, the birth rate is decreasing and the total fertility rate is reducing. All these show the transformation of mankind"s childbearing behavior, as well as their fertility concept, that of rural dwellers in particular.Taking the A village in northern Zhejiang province as a case, applying the method of field investigation, looking back the researches that have been taken, the thesis describes the status quo of rural dwellers" fertility concept in four aspects, namely, the purpose of fertility, the number of children they desired, the sex preference, the will of fostering their children, in northern Zhejiang province where the economic condition is relatively better than elsewhere. The investigation demonstrated rural dwellers" fertility concept is undergoing the transformation from tradition to modern, In details, rural dwellers" fertility concept has transformed from multiple fertility to declining fertility, from ignoring the will of fostering children to place great emphasis on that, from obvious boy preference to weakening sex preference. The thesis also analyzes reasons of the transformation of fertility concept in three aspects, that is, society, family and individual. From the society, the changes in agricultural production mode and social administrative system, the development of rural enterprises, and the publicity and enforcement of national population polices, provide macro-conditions and foundation for the transformation; from the family, changes in family structure, marriage pattern, family function have exerted important influences; from the individual, the concept of habitus in Bourdieu"s practical theory explains the state of unconsciousness and subconsciousness in rural dwellers" fertility concept, and the different problematic context rural dwellers have suffered in their specific life practice is the fundamental cause for the multifarious and complicated state in their fertility concept.In order to change people"s fertility concept, we should pay attention to the micro aspects, while we engage in a national drive for a macro-social transformation. Through educating the people explicitly and implicitly, and encouraging them to practice new life style, the two-way interactive state can come into being.
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