论文标题:战后美国贫困问题研究
"Political" Philosopher--Althusser
论文作者 汪树民
论文导师 顾晓鸣,论文学位 博士,论文专业 世界史
论文单位 复旦大学,点击次数 37,论文页数 158页File Size9793k
2004-04-08论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_781992662/ 中国通商银行;创立;运作;盛宣怀
the Imperial Bank of China, founding, operation, Sheng Xuan-huai
论文分为七个部分。 第一部分。简要回顾了美国贫困问题的发展历程。从殖民地时期开始，美国就有贫困问题存在。从有贫困问题的那一天起，就有针对贫困问题的对策存在。 第二部分。论述了美国贫困线的发展历程。正式贫困线的划定是在二十世纪六十年代，美国的贫困线是不断变化的，美国的贫困率也是起伏不定的。贫困的定义、美国当今的贫困具有隐蔽性和相对性。 第三部分。分析了美国贫困的分布情况，包括贫困人口的地区分布、种族分布。在今天的美国南方的穷人多于北方，黑人、拉美裔白人贫困的概率多于白人。 第四部分。主要分析了几种大的贫困现象：农村的贫困问题；城市的贫困问题，它包括贫民窟问题、无家可归群体的生活问题；美国未成年人的贫困触目惊心；美国的贫富差距不断扩大，已经成为一个严重的社会问题。 第五部分。美国的贫困问题引起了社会及政府的关注，政府采取多种措施来应对贫困问题，战后每一届政府都花大量的精力和财力来治理贫困，但是由于种种原因，贫困率依然居高不下。 第六部分。如何来看待美国的贫困问题。美国的贫困问题是一个仁者见仁、智者见智的问题，因此在美国不可能取得一致的看法。在本论文中，作者指出，贫困是一个综合症，它是由多种因素促成的。 第七部分。作者进一步指出，市场经济制度必然造成一部分人的贫困，此外资本主义文化矛盾也是贫困难以彻底根绝的重要原因。
This paper can be divided seven parts.In first part, the author retrospects the process of poverty development in America. When we went back to colony time, poverty co-existed with American people. Also at that time, people invented measures to cope with poverty.In second part, the author discusses the development process of poverty level. Poverty level was defined in 1960"s. But it varied by time, so the poverty rate varies year by year. What is the definition of poverty. In fact, poverty phenomena in today"s America are not apparent. They are relative.Third, the paper discusses the distribution of poor people. This embraces the regional and racial distributions. In today"s America more poor people reside in south and there is more probability of black and Spanish than white America become poor.Fourth, analyzes some phenomena of poverty: rural poverty and urban poverty problem. Urban poverty includes ghetto problem except homeless people. Children poverty in America is shocking. The society should take steps to cope with it. The gap between the rich and the poor has increased after 2nd world war, especially since 1970"s. The gap between the rich and the poor has become a serious social problem.Fifth, poverty in America has caught society and government"s attentions. The government has takes many steps to cure poverty, but the poverty rate in America is still high because of a lot of reasons.Sixth, how to look on poverty in America should we? Poverty in America is a complex problem. We can"t get a consistent idea about it. The author also points out, poverty is a kind of syndrome, it is brought about by many factors.At the end of this paper, the author stresses market economy inevitably produces a part of poor people. Except that, the conflict between capitalist culture also is an important factor.
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