论文标题:玛曲县草地系统退化成因分析和治理对策研究
Studies on Degradation Reasons and Management Measures of the Grassland System in Maqu County
论文作者
论文导师 牛俊义；姜翌,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 农业推广
论文单位 甘肃农业大学,点击次数 83,论文页数 53页File Size3197K
2005-11-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_7875687/
Maqu county;; grassland;; degradation reasons;; the management countermeasure
草地退化是一个世界性问题，对世界经济的发展起着举足轻重的作用。近年来，随着草场经济的发展，草地退化日益严峻，这一现状已引起人们极大的关注。本研究在调查分析甘肃省玛曲县草地现状的基础上，系统分析了其退化原因，并提出了综合治理对策。 1我国草地面积3.93亿hm~2，约占国土总面积的41％，为现有农田的4倍多。玛曲县位于甘肃西南部，全县境内共有土地面积96.05×10~4 hm~2。草种资源是玛曲县重要的优势资源，全县可食饲用牧草种类有413种，占总种数的96.04％，其中，优等牧草12种，良等牧草44种，中等牧草68种，低等牧草115种，劣等牧草173种。天然草地面积为96.05×10~4 hm~2，占全县土地总面积的89.5％。全县人均草场28.6hm~2。近年来，由于自然和人为等因素的影响，黄河首曲玛曲县近90％的天然草地出现了不同程度的退化和沙化，而由于鼠害原因造成该县牧草年损失约23565×10~4kg，相当于4.31×10~4hm~2草地的年产草量。 2玛曲县草地退化的原因包括自然因素和人为因素，其中自然因素并非主要因素，温度和降水在近20年变化并不十分明显。而人为因素则是主要原因，如超载过牧、滥伐乱挖、政府和科技原因等。草地退化后植被盖度下降，生物量减少，涵养水源和保持水土能力下降，再加上其它自然因素的作用，从而出现土地沙化和湖泊干枯等现象，而人类不合理因素加快了这一地区环境的恶化。 3针对玛曲县草地退化原因，提出了以下改良措施：控制人类活动，减轻人类活动对草地退化的影响；以市场为导向，科技为动力，建立生态牧业的综合示范工程；合理配置资源，建立草业体系；实施科教，恢复重建草地生态系统，转变增长方式。在现行草地使用体制的基础上，因地制宜、采用不同的草地资源利用和草地经营模式，牧区草地均以划分到户、共同经营的模式利用。总之，要根据自然、社会、经济等制订一些防止草地退化的政策。
The degradation of grassland restrict the development of word economy. In the resent years,with the development of grassland economy, the grassland degradation become greatly austerity.This situation become focus on more people. By surveying the situation of Maqu grassland andanalyzing the reasons of degradation, the management countermeasures were given. 1 The grassland area is 39.3 millions hm~2 in China. It is 41% of chinese land area and about 4times than farm-land. Maqu county is lie in west-south of Gansu, China. The area is 96.05×10~4hm~2in the county. The grass resource is the excellent. There are 413 grass-breed in the county and about96.04% of all. And there are 12 best-herbage, 44 better-herbage, 68 medium-herbage, 115lower-herbage and 173 bad-herbage. The nature grassland is 96.05×10~4hm~2, and it is 89.5% ofMaqu county. Every people has 28.6 hm~2 grassland in the county. In resent years, about 90% naturegrassland degraded and deserted in different certain in Maqu county because of nature and artificialfactors. Grass losses is about 23565×10~4kg because of mouse. The number equals grass yield of4.31×10~4hm~2 grassland a year. 2 The reasons of degradation include nature and artificial factors. But the nature factor is not themain reasons, because the changes for temperature and precipitation are not obviously. The artificialfactor plays a important role for it. For example, over-herbage, severe deforestation, government andscience reasons etc. The plant-covered dropped, living beings reduced, self-restrain water and theability of restraining water and land lowed after grassland degradation. The appearance ofriver-desert and lake-sear can be regarded as other nature factors. 3 Based on these reasons of grassland degradation in Maqu county, some measures were given:dominating people action, alleviating these affection, building the synthesize project of ecologyanimal husbandry. Based on market and science, some measures were carried: carrying out scienceeducation, recovering and rebuilding grassland ecology system and changing the mode of increasing.In the base of modern time grassland, the different grassland resources and running modes should beused. The grassland is distributed to every family and run together to use it. In a word, some policiesto prevent the grassland degradation shoud be made out basing on nature, society and economy.
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