论文标题:论高等教育大众化的必然选择
On the Inevitable Choice of Higher Education Massification
论文作者 李佑成
论文导师 卢宁,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 教育经济与管理
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 106,论文页数 51页File Size413k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_791875087/ 高等教育大众化; 高等职业技术教育(高职) ;高职办学基本特征
Higher Education massification; Higher Vocational and Technical Education; Principle Characteristics of running school in higher vocational and Technical Education
本文以世界高等教育大众化的实践和理论为背景,分析了我国高等教育大众化进程中的主要挑战及战略决策,得出发展高等职业技术教育是改革我国高等教育实现高等教育大众化的必然选择的基本结论。第二次世界大战后,随着世界经济的发展,科技的进步、人口的剧增及社会民主化进程,要求高等教育走出“象牙之塔”面向社会大众,培养多样化的职业人才,实现高等教育的平等与公正。美、日、英等发达国家改革高等教育,增加教育经费,发展高校规模、扩大招生使高等教育人口数量迅速增加,推动了社会与经济的快速发展,先后进入了高等教育大众化的时代。美国著名教育社会学家、加州大学伯克利分校的马丁·特罗教授根据欧美等国高等教育发展的现实,探讨了这些国家高等教育发展过程中量变与质变的问题,提出了高等教育大众化理论,从“量”和“质”两个维度将高等教育的发展划分为“精英”、“大众”、“普及”三个阶段,揭示了世界高等教育发展的方向和趋势。新中国成立以来,特别是实行改革开放以来,我国高等教育发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。20 世纪末随着世界知识经济时代的到来,以教育为基础、科技为先导、人才为根本的国力竞争日趋激烈。我国社会经济的
Regarding practice and theory of higher education massification of the world as the background, this text analyzes the main challenges and strategic policies in the popular process of higher education of our country. It draws the basic conclusion as follows: to develop higher vocational and technical education is the inevitable choice for the reform of higher education and realization of higher education massification in our country. After World War II, with the development of international economy, progress of science and technology, population"s sharp increase and social democratization process, higher education is required to go out of " ivory tower ", gear to the needs of the masses, train diversified professional talents and realize the equality and fairness of higher education. In such developed countries as U.S.A., Japan and Great Britain, etc., they have reformed higher education, increased education funds, developed university"s scale and expanded the enrollment to make the size of population of higher education run up. All of these promoted the fast development of the society and economy. These countries entered the popular era of higher education successively. Martin Trow, American famous education sociologist, the professor of Berkeley branch school, University of California, according to the reality of higher education development in countries of America and Europe, etc., probed into the question about quantitative change and qualitative change of higher education evolution, put forward the popular theory of higher education. From two degrees like "quantity" and" quality", it divided the development of higher education into 3 stages: " Elite", " Mass ", "Universal". It announced the direction and trend of the world higher education development. Since the establishment of China, especially implementing reform and opening-up, we have made the achievement of world interest in high educational development. With the arrival of era of knowledge-driven economy of world at the end of the 20th century, it is becoming fiercer in competition of national power, which regards education as the base, science and technology as the guide, talents as the foundation. However, high-speed development of social economy in our country does not meet current situations of higher education very much, which is weak in foundation, small in scale, little in number of students. The era calls our country to reform higher education, expand the scale of running a school, reform management system, optimize the structure of education and improve the quality of education. Furthermore, we will try to advance the popularization of higher education rapidly and realize the historical great-leap-forward development of it. In how to move forward the popular process of higher education and realize the popularization of higher education, we mainly face the following challenges: "great-leap-forward development and short of money", "plural social demands and single structure of higher education", "masses educational equality and elite educational privilege", etc. In order to tackle the challenges, our country draws lessons from community college that U.S.A. established, higher special school that Japan set up and the scientific and technological training institute that Germany set up. On the basis of experiences above, our country has made the creative choice—to develop higher vocational and technical education (abbreviate as "professonship"). Higher vocational and technical education is the important component of higher education of our country. Developing professorship actively is the goal of reforming higher education of our country and realizing higher education massification, as well as the inevitable choice of advancing the development of society. The professonship is the result of higher education massification of our country, the motive force of promoting the development of higher education massification too. Through theory innovation and practical exploration of development of vocational and technical education in the past few years, the
|
