论文标题:汉语的“怎么”在英语中的对应形式
The Chinese Word "怎么" and Its Corresponding Forms in English
论文作者 李俊香
论文导师 柳英绿,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 汉语言文字学
论文单位 延边大学,点击次数 98,论文页数 52页File Size2154k
2003-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_800736107/ 对应;对比;疑问用法;非疑问用法
corresponding;contrast;interrogative usage;non-interrogative usage
汉语的“怎么”与它在英语中的对应形式“what”、“how”、“why”都可用作疑问代词，用以指代未知信息，构成特指疑问句。本文将以“怎么”和“what”、“how"、“why”在语法层面上的对应性作为对比基础，以结构主义作为理论框架，运用对比语言学的一般理论及方法，对“怎么”及其在英语中的对应形式用于疑问用法与非疑问用法时的异同进行描写与分析。 本文正文分两部分，第一部分描写并分析“怎么”与“what”、“how”、“why”在疑问用法时的对应规律及异同点，第二部分描写并分析“怎么”与它在英语中对应形式用于非疑问用法时的相同与不同之处。在“怎么”表达疑问的用法中，本文将分别描述“怎么”单独成句时在英语中常见的对应形式，以及“怎么”充当状语、定语、谓语时在英语中的对应形式和对应规律。在描写的基础上，本文还将解释两者之间在句中的语法功能及位置方面的异同，并将阐述包含“怎么”与“what”、“how"、“why”的疑问句加强疑问程度的手段。在“怎么”不表达疑问的用法方面，本文将从以下四个方面加以阐述。一．“怎么”用于反诘时在英语中的对应形式。二．“怎么”用于感叹时在英语中的对应形式。三．“怎么”用于虚指时在英语中的对应形式。四．“怎么”用于任指时在英语中的对应形式。
The Chinese word "怎么"and its English corresponding forms "what", "how", and "why" can all function as interrogative pronouns to signify and substitute for the uninformed information and form interrogative sentences. On the basis of the comparison with the corresponding forms in grammar and with the help of the theories and methods of structuralism, this thesis focuses on the description and the contrastive analysis of the Chinese word "怎么" and its English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" when they are used in interrogative sentences and non-interrogative sentences. The thesis mainly consists of two parts. The first part concentrates on the description and analysis of the corresponding rules, similarities and differences between Chinese word "怎么" and its English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" when they are used in interrogative sentences. The second part deals with the description and analysis of the corresponding rules, similarities and differences of usages between Chinese word "怎么" and its English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" when they are used hi non-interrogative sentences. When Chinese word "怎么" functions as an interrogative, the thesis accounts for the English corresponding forms of the Chinese word "怎么" in the complete, sole sentences in which "怎么" is used, and then the thesis deals with the English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" and corresponding rule of Chinese word "怎么" when it functions as an adverbial, or as an attributive, or as a predicate. Based on the description and the analysis, the thesis further demonstrates the similarities and differences in the aspect of grammatical functions and the positions in the sentences and between the Chinese word "怎么" and its English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why". And furthermore, the thesis elaborates the means to strengthen interrogative extents in interrogative sentences in which Chinese word "怎么 " and its English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" are used. As forthe functions of Chinese word"怎么" as an non-interrogative , the thesis probes into the following aspects. Firstly, the English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" of Chinese word "怎么" when "怎么" is used in rhetorical questions. Secondly, the English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" of Chinese word "怎么" when "怎么" is used in exclamatory sentences. Thirdly, the English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" of Chinese word "怎么" when "怎么^" is used as only a functioning word instead of a pronoun. Lastly, the English corresponding forms "what", "how" and "why" of Chinese word "怎么" when "怎么" functions as an arbitrary pronoun.
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