论文标题:近代乡村自治研究
New Perspectives on the Force of Administrative Action
论文作者 王圣育
论文导师 郭成伟,论文学位 博士,论文专业 法律史
论文单位 中国政法大学,点击次数 97,论文页数 125页File Size6814k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_8017812/ 近代;乡村自治;户政
modern times; villager self-government; census management.
本文从法文化的角度,讨论清末民国近代乡村自治。共有七章。 第一章为导论,首先,对近代;农村、乡村、乡土、农民、村民;自治、治理;户、户政等基本概念阐述了自己的理解。 其次,叙述了近代以来,国内外学者对乡村自治问题研究状况,并在适当的地方对其作了有关评价。再次,介绍了作者本人研究乡村自治问题的基本条件、使用三方法、研究思路和形成的基本观点。最后,指出了本论文引起的有关乡村自治问题研究的学术争鸣,具体有:自治的概念;我国乡村自治的起点;乡村自治的主体;我国国家与村民关系理论;我国国家与社会关系理论;国家、社会、法制一元化理论;中国传统社会转型的标准和途径;当代乡村自治组织法研究 第二章讨论了近代以来乡村自治法的理论建构与制度设计。 共由两部分,一是晚晴时期,包括对太平天国乡里制度的介绍,康有为、梁启超的乡村自治思想,重点评介清末乡村自治改革方案和实践。 二是民国时期乡村自治理论与实践。有孙中山思想评介,袁世凯和北洋政府实践叙述,对乡村自治早期试验、梁漱溟等人乡村教育运动和国民党地方组织领导的乡村自治模式等也有叙述,对阎锡山乡村自治改革和南京政府乡村自治历程作了重点评述。 第三章是对近代乡村自治组织专门分析。 首先介绍了历代统治者建立的乡村乡、里、保、甲组织的目的,乡村的乡、里、保、甲等组织领导人的来源、职能及其社会地位。对乡村的乡、里、保、甲长的选用和报酬做了考证。 其次,叙述了乡村的乡、里、保、甲等组织的性质及其与国家和社会的关系。指出,乡村的乡、里、保、甲等是封建国家官僚体系的最基层组织;乡村的乡、里、保、甲长与农民的政治经济利益地位悬殊的阶级关系;乡村的乡、里、保、甲等是不是所谓乡村农户的“保护性经纪人”。 第四章是本论文副标题的主要内容,从多视角多方面多层次分析了传统的户政制度。 首先介绍了传统社会的基本单位“户”本质概念与基本特征。又从多个方面分别分析了户、家族与国家三者之间的关系。 最后,交代了家族向心国家边缘家户的原因,指出,家族依靠国家以挽救其不可逆转的消亡过程,家族以其有限“公产”不足以“家户”保护人自居和国家权力抗衡,家族不过是实现“家国同构”的政治文化体制的中间环节。
This doctoral dissertation including seven chapters discusses the modern villager self-government during later Ching Dynasty and the Republic of China.Chapter one is introduction. First of all, it elaborates the author"s comprehension of basic concepts, such as modern age, village, country, hometown, farmer, village people, autonomy, management, census management.Secondly, it Reviews The domestic and international studies of the villager self-governmentThirdly, it introduces the author"s basic conditions, methods, the way of thing and basic standpoints.Finally, it points out the academic arguments about villager self-government which specifically includes the concept of self-government, the origin of self-government in our country, the main body of villager self-government, the theory about the relation between our state and village people, the theory about the unity of state, society, and legal system, the way and standard of social transformation, the organizational law of contemporary villager self-government.Chapter two discusses the theory and system of villager self-government in modern times. It consists of two parts, the first part elaborates the villager self-government during later Ching Dynasty, involving Taiping villager system, Kang you-wei and Liang Qi-chao"s thinking and so on. The point of this part lies in remarking on the projects and practice of villager self-government in later Ching dynasty.The second part discusses the theories and practice of villager self-government during the Republic of China, involving sun yat-sen"s thoughts, Yuan shi-kai and Beiyang government"s practice, the early experimentation of villager self-government, Liang su-ming"s trial and local organizations" modes of villager self-government during Kuo min-tang governing, and also, the Yan xi-shan"s reform and the villager self-government during Nanking government period.Chapter three is the special analysis of modern villager self-government organizations. The first part introduces the dominators" aims who found the self-government organizations during past dynasties, and gives the textual research of the sources where those organizations" leaders came from, their functions and social status. The second part discusses the relations among autonomous organizations, state, and society, pointing out that the village, community, and neighborhood administrative system are the fundamental organizations of feudal bureaucracy, the leaders" political and economic interests and the great disparity in rank relation between them and ordinary farmers, all the things tell us that they are absolutely not the "farmers" protectivebrokers".The forth chapter analyses the census management from various aspects, involving the basic concept and characters of "family" in traditional society, and the relations among family, clan, and state. Finally, this chapter introduces the reasons that the clans" centripetal force and the state"s brinkmanship, indicate that the clans tried to reversed their dying out destiny by rely on state, they posed as the protector of families with the "public property shortage" excuse, resisting the state"s power. Actually, the clans are the middle step during the forming of the political and cultural system, which has the character of "the similar structure of state and family".The fifth chapter insists that the traditional legal system is a centralizing unity through describing the traditional legal relations, indicates that the positive laws, the domestic disciplines, the rules set by the villagers are sources for each other, On this foundation, this chapter describes the centralizing relations in this legal system, insists that the domestic disciplines and the rules set by the villagers are not folk law, there is no dualistic legal system existed in ancient China.The sixth chapter proves the author"s opinion about the villager self-government through contrasting the gentry in town and country, insisting that the gentry assisted the feudal by governing the country, but the business-gentry in town lead the guild autonomy,
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