论文标题:全盘西化思潮的兴衰（1979-2007）
The Rise and Fall of the Thought of Westernization in a Full Scale (1979～2007)
论文作者
论文导师 潘维,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中外政治制度
论文单位 北京大学,点击次数 105,论文页数 67页File Size671K
2008-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_8023497/
the thought of Westernization;; dilemma in the Westernization;; return to the tradition;; modernization
今年是改革开放30周年。回顾历史,我们发现,80年代出现了西学热,全盘西化思潮盛行,而到了90年代则出现了国学热,传统似乎又回归到我们的生活,全盘西化思潮衰落了。这其中的原因是什么?本文尝试对此作出回答。 历史证明,在非西方国家现代化的早期大都会出现西化思潮。80年代的西化思潮也是在改革开放后我国由传统的农业社会向现代的工业化城市化社会转变的过程中出现的。它是鸦片战争以来中国向何处去的命题的继续,是在西方示范效应下,知识界对改革停顿的反应。它的兴起也和当时官方舆论引导的倾向有关。 90年代以后,随着国内外环境的变化,全盘西化论也面临着种种困境。知识界部分人通过对“八九”风波的反思,否定了全盘西化论,重新肯定了社会主义的价值。在理论方面,国内外部分学者通过对西方的深入研究,通过中西对比,发现了全盘西化的陷阱。在实践方面,发展中国家全盘西化的教训,苏联解体和俄罗斯私有化改革的教训都给了我国深刻的启示。而随着民族主义思潮的出现,学界对中国与西方的关系有了更深刻更冷静的认识,全盘西化论遭到了质疑。 随着中国与欧美发达国家差距的逐渐缩小,西方文化的缺陷逐渐暴露出来。与此同时,我国经济建设取得巨大的成就,民族自信心大大提升,中国传统文化的价值重新被发现并得到肯定。部分学者实现了从“回到五四”到“回到晚清民国”的转变。传统似乎又回到我们的生活中。这也标志着全盘西化思潮的衰落。
The year 2008 marks 30th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. 30 years ago, China’s intellectual circle experienced a turning from the belief of Westernization to the Chinese tradition. Looking back into the history, we found that during the 1980s is featured with the so called“Western fever”, meaning the thoughts and belief from the western world were highly valued and welcomed; however, in the 1990s, the studies on Chinese tradition became increasingly popular, and the traditional philosophy, literature and views about the world and life seemed to have returned to our life. The reason for that phenomenon is what this article attempts to explore. The thought of Westernization in a full scale, in general term, usually took place in the non-Western countries when they were in the early stage of modernization. The rise of thought of Westernization in China, in the 1980s, took place as the development of the reform and opening up continued, in which China"s society shifted from the traditional agricultural pattern to the modern industrialized pattern, with the proceeding of industrialization and urbanization. The discussion over westernization at that time can be seen as the renewal of the topic that have been discussed since the Opium War, the topic of in which direction China should go. Inspired by the attractive Western model, the Chinese intellectuals tried to response to the setbacks in China’s reform with the guidance of the western experiences and belief. The official propaganda and the public opinion at the time also help promoted that tendency. The process of the China"s reform and opening up is also a process of the reflection of the thought of westernization, and the return and rediscovery of the traditional values. According to the paper, the Chinese intellectuals decided to be back from the western thoughts to the Chinese tradition, and that turning can be explained with those factors followed: their reflection on the reform and opening up, the deepening of their understanding of the West, the learning of experiences in the industrialization of some other countries, and the rising of the ideology of nationalism. Along with the exposition of the flaws and weaknesses of the western culture and the emergence of the economic miracle of Eastern Asian countries, the confidence and self-esteem of the Chinese people got stronger and stronger. In that context, the Chinese intellectuals chose to the return to the tradition of their own history as their homeland of thinking, showing more intimacy and agreement, and seeing the western thoughts and the Chinese tradition in a more realistic, objective way.
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