论文标题:新时期中国农村反贫困问题研究
Research on Current Anti-poverty in Rural Areas of China
论文作者
论文导师 李崇光,论文学位 博士,论文专业 农业经济管理
论文单位 华中农业大学,点击次数 36,论文页数 155页File Size8573K
2006-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_806915702/
New period in current China; Rural anti-poverty; development of helping the poor; Economic growth; Poverty relief by investment
作为人类社会经济发展过程中所面临的一个共同问题，贫困同人口和污染一起构成人类社会的三大难题。中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家，落后的经济发展水平和大量的农村人口使得中国长期饱受农村贫困问题的困扰。改革开放之后，为了缓解十分严重的农村贫困，中国进行了一系列的体制改革和制度创新。中国的农村反贫困工作中取得了辉煌的成就，中国农村绝对贫困人口由1978年的2．5亿下降到2003年的2900万左右，贫困发生率也由30％降低到3％左右，绝大多数农村人口的温饱问题已经基本得到解决。然而，中国农村的贫困标准还很低，脆弱的生态环境、薄弱的基础设施以及并不健全的市场机制和各项制度制约着中国农村反贫困的进程，中国农村反贫困已经进入一个新的历史时期。 在此背景下，研究中国农村贫困问题的新特征，分析农村反贫困的各种制约因素，探讨如何进一步减少或消除农村贫困不仅关系到农村贫困人口生活水平的改善和提高，还将对中国建设社会主义新农村和构建和谐小康社会的整体战略产生积极影响。 本文从中国农村贫困的现状出发，首先对贫困及反贫困的含义进行了界定，介绍了各种贫困测算指标及适用范围，并深入探讨了反贫困的相关理论。其次，借鉴世界各国的反贫困经验，并回顾了中国农村反贫困的历程。接下来，本文将研究的重点集中在四个方面，即：新时期中国农村贫困的特征分析及反贫困政策的转变、制约中国农村反贫困的相关因素、经济增长和投资扶贫的减贫效应以及适合中国国情的多元农村反贫困模式。 在新时期中国农村贫困的特征分析及反贫困政策的转变上，本文认为农村贫困人口分布的日益分散化、农村绝对贫困人口减少但相对贫困问题突出、脱贫人口返贫现象严重、贫困农村的经济结构不合理以及生态贫困问题已经成为新时期中国农村贫困的主要特征。相应的，中国农村反贫困政策也逐渐实现由救济式向开发式、由扶持贫困地区向扶持贫困人口以及由政府主导向社会参与的转变。 在制约中国农村反贫困的相关因素分析方面，本文通过研究发现，包括土地、资本、劳动力在内的生产投入要素以及包括基础设施建设、技术和制度结构在内的环境条件要素都是制约中国农村反贫困的重要因素。 在减贫效应的研究方面，本文重点考察了经济增长和投资扶贫的减贫效应，并得出结论认为经济增长和扶贫投资是有效缓解农村贫困的重要手段，缓解贫困不仅
Poverty, as a common problem that faces in the economic evolution of human society, together with population and pollution are the three major difficult problems in the society. China is a developing country with the largest population. It has been facing the challenge of poverty problem due to backward economic development and a large number of rural population for a long time. Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up, China has carried on a series of systems reform and regulation innovation in order to relieve heavily serious rural poverty. The work for anti-poverty in rural China has made brilliant achievements. The absolute poor population in China has declined to around 29 million in 2003 from 250 million in 1978. The poor occurrence frequency also has reduced from 30% to 3%. The problem of adequate food and clothing for most rural population has been mainly solved. However, the poverty line in rural China is very low. Fragile ecological environment, poorly equipped infrastructure, not well-established market mechanism and other systems restrict the progress of anti-poverty in rural China. Rural China has already entered a new historical time against the poverty.Under this background, to study the new characteristics of poverty problems in rural China, to analyze various factors restricting anti-poverty in the countryside of China, to discuss how to further reduce or dispel the rural poverty will not merely concern the improvement of living standard of rural poor population, but also exert a positive impact on building the socialism new countryside and establishing overall strategies of constructing the harmonious well-off society.This article takes the departure point from current poor situation in rural China. It defines poverty and anti-poverty initially, then introduces different indexes for calculating poverty and their application possibilities, and probes the relevant theories concerning anti-poverty thoroughly. Secondly, it is referred to the experiences of anti-poverty from other countries in the world, and review the course of anti-poverty in countryside of China. Moreover, this article focuses on the four aspects, namely, the analysis of poverty characteristics in new period of current China and the transition of anti-poverty policies, the relevant factors restraining anti-poverty in rural China, the effect of poverty alleviation from economic growth and the investment on poverty reduction, and multi-mode of anti-poverty suitable for China"s conditions.Based on the analysis of poverty characteristic in new period of rural China and of the transition of the anti-poverty policies, this article argues that the main characteristics are the gradually decentralized poor rural population, the more severe relatively poor problem in spite of the reduction of the rural population of absolute poverty, the more
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