论文标题:湘桂黔边山区少数民族农民贫困代际传递问题研究
Study of the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty in the Minority Nationality Peasants on the mountainous Borders of Hunan, GuangXi and Guizhou Provinces
论文作者 李晓明
论文导师 钟瑞添,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 32,论文页数 51页File Size617k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_827700062/ 少数民族; 农民; 贫困代际传递
Minority Nationalities; Peasants; Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty (ITP)
在人类历史的发展过程中,贫困问题始终是一个困扰社会进步的重大问题。在世界各国,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都存在大量贫困人口。反贫困成为世界各国政府推进经济发展,减少社会震荡的一个重大战略选择。我国作为世界上人口最多的发展中国家,改革开放二十多年来,在减少绝对贫困人口数量和减轻贫困程度方面,对人类作出了巨大的贡献。但目前余下的贫困人口主要集中分布在中西部边远山区和少数民族地区,其基数大,返贫率高,减贫任务十分艰巨。反贫困问题已成为全面建设和谐小康社会的重大障碍。历经二十多年的扶贫开发,为什么他们仍不能摆脱贫困的困扰?其原因主要在于边远贫困山区少数民族农民的贫困是代际传递的。因此,贫困代际传递理论为我们进一步认识农民的贫困问题提供了一个新的视角。所谓贫困代际传递是指贫困以及导致贫困的相关条件和不利因素,在家庭内部由老一代传递给年轻一代,尤其是由父母传递给子女,使子女在童年和成年后重复其父母的境遇——继承父母的贫困和各种不利因素并将贫困和这些不利因素传递给后一代这样一种状态;贫困以及导致贫困的相关条件和不利因素也可能在一定的社区或阶层范围内在代际之间延续,使后代重复前代的贫困境遇。贫困代际传递的内容主要包括出身的继承(阶级、地位),缺失传递(机会、权利),资本传递(人力资本、社会文化资本、社会政治资本、金融与物质资本和环境与自然资本)等。影响贫困代际传递的因素主要包括社会经济制度体制因素、社区因素、家庭因素和个人能力素质因素等四个主要方面,而制度安排、个人受教育程度和获得社会保障的权利与机会则是其中最重要的影响因素。本论文运用贫困代际传递理论并借鉴国外相关研究成果,在对位于湘、桂、黔三省(区)交界处的通道侗族自治县少数民族贫困社区进行实地调查和走访的基础上,对影响山区少数民族农民贫困代际传递的相关因子进行全面分析和考察,总结概括出农民贫困代际传递产生的原因、基本特征、未来发展趋势和相关社会后果,并结合对我国多年来扶贫政策和措施的回顾与总结,提出消除山区少数民族农民贫困代际传递的相应对策。本论文除导论和结束语之外,共分三个部分。在导论中,笔者对本论题的研究缘由和意义、研究的思路和方法、国内外学术界对贫困代际传递问题的研究现状等作了简要的说明,也对本文所涉及的关键性概念——“农民”、“贫困”及“贫困代际传递”进行了必要的界定;并着重对本论文的理论背景——贫困代际传递理论的发展过程和主要理论观点进行了简要的回顾。第一至第三部分,笔者根据实地调查和文献资料对湘、桂、黔三省边区少数民族农民
Throughout the course of human development, poverty has always been a severe obsession of the society. There are a great number of needy people both in the developed and developing countries around the world, therefore, fighting against poverty has always been an essential strategy of every government to promote economic development and lessen social concussion. China, a developing country with the largest population of the world, has made a great contribution to human being as a whole in poverty alleviation on both quantity and degree in the past two decades. However, there are still a large number of needy people across the remote mountainous areas, and particularly, the minority nationality regions in the middle and west China. Because they are large in quantity and high in possibility of returning back to be needy, their poverty alleviation becomes an arduous task to the government and an obstruction to build a well-off and harmonious society in an all-round way. Why can’t they still get rid of poverty after more than two decades of poverty alleviation project taken in these areas? This paper holds that one of the key causes of the problem is that poverty is transmitted from generation to generation, namely Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty (ITP). Therefore, the ITP theory provides us a new angle of view to further understand the poverty of peasants in the remote backward mountainous areas. The ITP theory believes that poverty and the poverty-related disadvantages and causes transmit from the older to the younger generations (especially from parents to children). It is suggested that ITP compels the children duplicate their parents’poverty circumstances and transfers the poverty and poverty-related disadvantages to the next generation. Poverty and the poverty-related disadvantages may also transmit in some communities or classes from the older to the younger generations. The contents of ITP mainly include parentage (such as classes, status); disadvantages (such as opportunities, rights); different forms of capitals (such as human, social-cultural, social-political, financial /material and environmental / natural capitals). The causes of ITP mainly include four factors: social structure and system, community, family background and individual diathesis; but the most essential factors are the rights and opportunities of obtaining education and social security. In this paper, we use the theory of ITP and its research achievements abroad for reference. Based on the findings of on-the-spot investigation in the minority nationality communities of Tongdao Dong autonomy county on the borders of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, the paper focuses on analyzing the causes of poverty transmission all-sidedly and summarizing the essential features, developing trends and social consequences of ITP. After looking back to the anti-poverty policies that carried out for more than two decades in our country, we bring forward some policy proposals. This paper consists of three parts, in addition to the introduction and the conclusion. In the introduction, we briefly introduce the purpose and significance of this study, the ways of study, and the statue quo of academic study on this subject in China and the rest of the world, and define the key concepts of “peasant”, “poverty”and “ITP”used in this paper, as well as mainly review the development course of the ITP theories and their main viewpoints. From part one to part three, we, through on-the-spot investigations and data analysis, describe the situations of poverty and ITP of the peasants across the minority nationality regions on the boarder areas of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, and generalize the essential characteristics of ITP. After reviewing and summarizing the basic theoretical viewpoints on the causes of ITP and combining with the practical situations of the minority nationalities in the mountain areas, we analyze ITP from three aspects----the society, the family background and the poor individuals, and find out that the causes of ITP inc
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