论文标题:1949-1978年中国革命型政治文化研究
论文作者
论文导师 邱柏生,论文学位 博士,论文专业 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
论文单位 复旦大学,点击次数 596,论文页数 152页File Size10947K
2006-04-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_8341857/
China; revolution; political culture
政治文化作为一种社会政治现象，往往反映一个民族、一个国家的政治历史与现实，在人类政治文明进程中起着重要的作用，是分析和解释政治现象的重要向度。而对于一个处于政治现代化进程，但有着两千余年封建历史积淀和上百年反帝反封建与无产阶级革命斗争历史的中国而言，研究和分析政治文化的特质及其急剧变化是一个颇有意蕴的命题。 1949—1978年时间纬度下的政治文化形态有其特殊性，在中国政治发展历史中的影响作用不可忽视，而一种政治文化从滥觞到丧失其必然性所跨越的历史年代如此之短，其原因也是研究者关注的视点之一。本文将这一历史时段中形成的政治文化称之为“革命型政治文化”，并且以革命型政治文化内涵中价值观念与行为方式两个方面的关系为分析框架，以1949年到1978年的年代跨度为分析的时间纬度，通过引用大量文献史料，探究了革命型政治文化在形成阶段、畸型流变、嬗变和超越等不同变化阶段的主要表现、特征、变化原因、政治文化流变与政治发展的关系等一系列问题。本文认为提出在新民主主义革命向社会主义革命的过渡时期，执政党通过一系列政治运动构建社会主义政治文化，革命型政治文化发挥着积极作用。到二十世纪五十年代后期，由于社会形势的剧烈变化，左倾指导思想逐渐在党内占据主导地位，高度集中而僵化的政治和经济体制等因素的影响，在社会各阶层包括执政党内部的观念和行为层面形成了一种偏激的政治文化倾向，民主型政治文化遭到封冻，而革命型政治文化在经历了必然性过程后逐渐丧失其合理性，并开始流变。十年“文革”是革命型政治文化畸型流变的顶峰，“无产阶级专政条件下的继续革命”使党内民主集中制度和社会主义法制遭到严重破坏，狂热和非理性的政治参与使政治体系最终无法负荷，陷入不规则运作状况，给中国社会带来了深重灾难。而这一切客观上导致1978年中国政治发展重新调整思路，革命型政治文化在政治体系自我纠错的过程中全然丧失其必然性，为1978年后中国政治文化的初步转型创造条件。 论文认为任何一种政治文化的形成和演变与经济基础、政治结构、制度以及文化惯习等因素是紧密联系的，互相影响和互相作用的。政治文化特征的形成是特定社会、历史和政治条件的产物；提出政治文化转型的深层次原因主要在于经济关系、经济结构和经济体制的变化要求，以及反映这些要求的政治结构亟待变化的状况，而这些状况折射到文化状况中，生成了激变因素；提出政治主体的发展为政治文化的发展创造主观条件，而社会主义政治民主化和法制建设则是政治文化理性发展的核心，对于中国政治社会而言，和谐型政治文化的构建和培育是政治文化理性发展的目标。
As a social political phenomenon, political culture always reflects certain political history and reality of a nation or state. So it exerts great use during the process of man"s political civilization, and is an important dimension to analyze and explain political phenomenon. As for a country like China, which is being in the process of political modernization and also has a history of more than one thousand years of federalism as well as of about 100 years of struggle against imperialism and federalism together with proletariat"s revolution, it is of great significance and implication to do some research and analysis on the nature and its sudden change of political culture.The pattern of political culture during the time span from 1949 to 1978, which has its own specialty, has been playing a key role during the political development of China. And the reason for such a short time span from beginning to end is one of the themes I will contribute to study in this paper. Political culture of this historical period of time will be called "revolutionary political culture" in this paper. Both values and behaviors of the connotation of "revolutionary political culture" have been used as analysis frame of this paper. By regarding the time span from 1949 to 1978 as analysis dimension and quoting a lot of documentary materials, this paper probes into main manifestation, peculiarity, changing reason and relations between change of revolutionary political culture and political development of different stages including initial formation, distortion, transmutation and surpassing of revolutionary political culture. This paper gives out such an idea that the ruling party has make efforts to construct socialism political culture to exert its positive function through a series of political campaigns during the transition period from new — democratic revolution to socialism revolution. However, in the late 1950s, owing to some reasons including sudden change of social circumstances, overwhelming position of left-leaning thoughts in CPC, and absence of vigor of political and economic system, there has emerged a tendency of extreme political culture among the social classes as well as the ruling party. Democratic politicalculture has been eliminated, and through experiencing the process of its realm of necessity, revolutionary political culture has lost its reasonability step by step and begun to change. The ten-year "cultural revolution" is the peak of the distortion of revolutionary political culture, and the wrong belief of "continual revolution with the base of proletariat"s ruling" has seriously destroyed the system of democratic centralization in CPC and socialism legislation. Fanatic and irrational political participation has overburdened the political system, and made it run in irregular situation, which brought China a great disaster. All these has led to a new adjust for political development in China in 1978, and produced conditions for transformation of political culture in China after 1978 since it is impossible for revolutionary political culture to exist during the process of the old political system" s correcting its own mistakes.This paper holds such an idea that formation and change of any kind of political culture is very close to economic base, political construction, system and cultural customs. Peculiarity of political culture is result of special social, historical and political conditions; the deep dynamics of transformation of political culture lies in the changing need of economic relations, economic constructions and economic systems as well as changing situation of political constructions, and all the changing elements promotes culture to exert changes; development of political main body presents subjective conditions for development of political culture, and political democratization and legislative construction is core for rational development of political culture; and as for political society in China, construction and cultivation of harmonious political culture is aim of rational development of political culture.
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