论文标题:论我国非营利组织在服务型政府中的公共服务功能
The Public Service Function of China"s Non-profit Organization in the Service-oriented Government
论文作者
论文导师 钟瑞添,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 72,论文页数 45页File Size552K
2006-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_84283982/
Public service;Service-oriented government ;Non-profit organization
服务型政府是建立在民主和法治基础上、代表全体公民利益、把为全体公民提供充足和优质服务作为首要职能的政府。它是我国政府改革的目标模式,是新的历史条件下的必然选择,是我国经济社会协调发展的客观需要。勿庸置疑,在服务型政府中,政府是公共服务的主要提供者,政府有义务为每一个公民提供良好的、无差别的服务。但是,服务型政府是有限政府,政府的公共服务职能也是有限的,政府财力和能力的有限性决定了它不可能提供所有的公共服务。但是随着物质文化生活水平的提高,人们的公共服务需求越来越多,需求也越来越高。因此,政府提供的服务与公众需要的服务之间总有一定的差距,后者总是大于前者。这一问题不仅在中国存在,几乎每一个国家都面临同样的问题。构建服务型政府,在将政府的角色定位于服务的同时,也应当认识到政府公共服务职能的有限性,改变全能型政府下大包大揽的做法。服务型政府中,政府是公共服务的主要提供者,但不是唯一的服务者,它必须利用其它组织的力量来提供一部分公共服务,以弥补自身公共服务能力的不足,保证公共服务的水平和质量。 非营利组织作为介于政府和企业之间的社会组织,其非营利性、志愿性、公益性等特征决定了它能提供公共服务。相对政府而言,非营利组织具有服务方式灵活多样,贴近基层民众,服务内容广泛,成本低效率高的优势。其缺陷是服务的对象和范围有限,存在志愿失灵的问题。非营利组织之短正是政府之长,非营利组织之长是政府之短,因此,政府与非营利组织可以实现优势互补,发挥各自的长处来提供公共服务。在西方发达国家中,非营利组织已成为一支重要力量,通过采用合同承包、用者付费、凭单制等方式参与公共服务的提供,在公共服务领域扮演着一个重要的角色。在非营利组织发达的国家,非营利组织平等地参与公共服务的提供,政府与非营利组织之间是一种合作伙伴关系,宽松的政策法律环境为非营利组织发挥其服务功能创造了良好的条件。西方国家利用非营利组织提供公共服务的做法无疑为我国公共服务的改革提供了一条新的思路,对提高我国的公共服务水平具有重要的借鉴意义。 服务型政府的构建客观上要求充分发挥非营利组织的公共服务功能,以弥补政府公共服务的不足,提高公共服务的供应能力。改革开放以来,我国涌现了大量的非营利组织,这为我国非营利组织参与公共服务提供了现实的可能。随着这些非营利组织的发展和壮大,它们开始承担一部分公共服务,成为公共服务领域一个不容忽视的提供者,它们的公共服务功能日渐为政府和公众所认可。但是,由于历史和现实的原因,我国的非营利组织
Service-oriented government is built on the basis of democracy and the rules of law, and it representatives the interests of all citizens, and it offers the sufficient and good service to all citizens as its primary function. It is a model of China"s government reform and an inevitable choice under a new historical environment, and it is also the needs of our society and economy to develop coordinatedly. There is no question that in the service-oriented government, the government is a main provider of the public service, and it is a duty for the government to offer good and no different service to every citizen. However, the service-oriented government is a limited government, thus the government"s public service function is limited too. Because its financial resources and ability are limited, it is impossible for government to offer all public service. But with the improvement of the people"s material and cultural living standard, the demand of public service is increasing, and the level of public service is increasing with it. Therefore, there is a certain gap between the services provided by government and the needs of people, and the needs of people is over the service provided by government. The problem exists not only in China, but in almost all countries. In structuring the service-oriented government, we should view service as the role of government, at the same time, we should realize the limitations of government"s public service function, and change the practice of undertaking everything under the circumstance in all-round government. In the service-oriented government, the government is the main provider of the public service, but not the only provider, it must make use of power offered by other organizations to offset the deficiency of one"s own public service function, to guarantee the level and quality of the public service. Non-profit organization is regarded as a social organization between the government and the enterprise, whose characteristics such as non-profit-making, voluntary, public welfare, etc. have determined that it can offer the public service. Compared with government, non-profit organization has advantages such as flexible service method, close to the people, extensive service, high efficiency with low costs. However, its defect is that the target and the range of service are limited, and even sometimes does not work. The disadvantage of non-profit organization is exactly the advantage of government, and accordingly, the disadvantage of government is exactly the advantage of non-profit organization government. So, the government and non-profit organizations should realize the mutual supplement with each other"s advantages to make their advantages take effect in offering the public service. In the western developed countries, non-profit organization has already become an important role in the public service by adopting contract, payment and indenture, etc. In the countries where non-profit organization is
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