论文标题:1990-1999年山西省法定报告传染病流行特征的分析
A General Description and Analysis of the Epidemiological Features of Legal Contagious Diseases in Shanxi Province from 1990 to 1999
论文作者 石海兰
论文导师 王素萍,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 流行病学
论文单位 山西医科大学,点击次数 298,论文页数 60页File Size6515k
2002-05-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_845237/ 传染病,流行特征,疾病分布,周期性,发病率,死亡率,标准化
epidemiological features,legal contagious dis-eases,distribution of disease,incidence rates,mortality rate,standardization.
目的：搞清山西省近十年法定报告传染病流行趋势、分布特征及对人群健康危害的严重程度；为山西省法定报告传染病防制措施的制定提供科学依据。 方法：3类35种法定报告传染病资料来源于山西省十二个疾病监测点。这些监测点用分层整群随机抽样的方法确定，由3个城市、9个不同类型的农村监测点组成。12个监测点共计观察人口50余万人。山西省疾病监测系统按照全国疾病监测统一的设计方案，采用统一的报告卡、册，进行数据的收集。死因统计采用ICD—9编码，并采用WHO1975年第9次疾病分类会议推荐的国际疾病、外伤和死目的统计分类手册的分类模式进行统计。应用描述流行病学的方法对所收集的数据资料进行整理和分析。率的标准化用直接标准化法进行计算。 结果：1990～1999年山西省甲、乙、丙3类35种法定报告传染病发病率总体呈逐年下降的趋势，而死亡率呈先下降后回升的态势。甲、乙、丙3类35种传染病中，24种有病例报告，其中以痢疾、 NMK＃tf ＃i，HN＆t 肝炎、麻疹、肺结核发病率为高；艾滋病感染者1998年开始出现；死 亡率以肺结核、肝炎、痢疾、麻疹、乙脑为高，肺结核死亡为法定报告 传染病的主要死因。不同类别法定报告传染病中以消化道传染病发 病率最高，呼吸道传染病多位居第二，血源性及性传播疾病次之，自 然疫源性疾病较低。少年儿童是法定报告传染病的高发年龄段；城 市发病率高于农村，而农村死亡率高于城市，城乡均以男性发病率 高于女性；一年中均以7Ss月为法定报告传染病的高发季节，10、 11、12月次之，l、2J月最低。在甲、乙、丙 3类传染病中，麻疹、猩红 热、流感都表现出了周期性的特点。 结论：1990～1999年山西省法定报告传染病发病率逐年下降， 死亡率有所回升。防制的重点传染病为痢疾、肝炎、肺结核、麻疹及 性传播疾病。降低城市、农村发病率，提高农村地区传染病防治水 平，降低其死亡率，保护以少年儿童为主要易感人群是该地区的法 定报告传染病综合防制的重点任务。
Aims To investigate the epidemic trend of legal contagious diseases by systematic and active surveillance, observation the distribution features in time, person and place and provide a basis for developing control measures and prevention procedure.Methods 12 systematic and active surveillance sites and 500 thousands were selected in Shanxi province by random group sampling. 3 of sites were in urban areas and others in rural areas. The data were collected according to method design by the national diseases surveillance and analyzed about the distribution features in time, person and place. The incidence rates and mortality rates were standardized and compared.Results The incidence rates of legal contagious diseases gradually decreased. From 1990 to 1999. But the incidence rates of some diseases, cholera, measles, pertussis, typhus fever, were increased. Meanwhile also decreased and increased in recently years, the mortality rates of these diseases especially TB wasdramatically increased. Cases of 24 kinds of diseases were reported in 35 kinds of legal contagious diseases. The incidence rates of dysentery viral hepatitis, meals arud lung TB were higher. The HIV carriers occurred in 1998. The mortality rates of lung TB viral hepatitis, dysentery meals and encephalitis B were higher. The death caused by lung TB was main cause of legal contagious diseases. The incidence rate of legal contagious diseases were higher in 0~10 years old, male, summer to autumn seasons. The incidence rates in urban area were higher than rural area and the mortality rates in rural area -were higher than urban area. The features of periodicity were showed in meals, scarlet and influenza.Conclusion The total incidence rates of legal contagious diseases were reduced yearly from 1990 to 1999. But total mortality rates were increased. The prevention and control measures should be strengthened on contagion diseases specially STD and Lung TB. The target population for surveillance and prevention should mainly by focusing on 0~15 years olds, male area people and summer to autumn. The reporting system of epidemic diseases was also strengthened.
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