论文标题:试论藏族史诗《格萨尔》中的生态意识
The Ecological Consciousness in the Tibetan Epic Gesar
论文作者
论文导师 王兴先,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国少数民族语言文学
论文单位 西北民族大学,点击次数 659,论文页数 36页File Size2941K
2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_866082/
epic;; ecology;; consciousness;; co-existance;; harmonization;; balance
藏族史诗《格萨尔》是一部口头传承的民间文学作品,是全体藏族人民智慧的结晶,也是从古流传到今天的一部活的史诗。具有很强的生命力,成为整个中华文明的精神财富。 史诗中的古代藏族先民们居住在青藏高原。世人把青藏高原称之为“世界屋脊”、“地球的第三极”、“生命的禁区”。而我们的藏族先民们恰恰生活在这“生命的禁区”里,他们为了生存,不仅要适应这个环境,还要依赖这个环境。在艰难的历程中,先民们用顽强的精神、坚韧不拔的毅力和强健的体魄来承受高寒、干旱以及气候的多变和自然灾害的压力,超越了生命的极限而繁衍生息,并创造了举世瞩目的灿烂文化。 史诗《格萨尔》中的藏族先民们过着“逐草水而居”的游牧生活。他们的生活自然就离不开高原的生态系统。他们因神秘自然现象的威慑而乞求自然的恩惠,以神灵的名义起到了生态保护的作用。 本文共四章。在第一章“生态意识概述”中,笔者首先由意识、生态、青藏高原的生态及人与自然(人与人)之间的关系来界定生态意识。并简单介绍了史诗《格萨尔》与生态的关系。第二章“《格萨尔》中的自然崇拜和图腾崇拜所反映的生态意识”,从生态环境出发,以人们的自然观、图腾观为视点论述了自然崇拜所反映的“共生”生态意识和图腾崇拜所反映的“寄魂”生态意识。具体分析了“宇宙形成”说、“日”说、“四季”说、“山”“水”说等,进一步阐述“共生”意识。第三章“史诗《格萨尔》在生产和丧葬习俗上表现的生态意识”,笔者首先从狩猎业、农业、牧业生产等出发,分析生产方式中朴素的环境意识,要遵循自然规律,保护生物资源,人们不能有违时、逆时、失时等违反自然规律的行为;再从民俗的角度出发,介绍了史诗中的人们对葬俗的观念,并从行为层面上,表述了爱护大自然、维护生态平衡和回归大自然的愿望和意识。第四章“史诗《格萨尔》中生态意识的历史根源和现实意义”中,笔者阐述了“生态意识产生的历史根源是什么?”及其生态意识的现实意义。 本文指出,史诗中有调适生态平衡、协调人与自然之间的和谐关系的生态调控机制,其生态观中蕴涵着人只能适应环境,与环境和谐共处才能维持人类的自身美好生活的朴素的生态哲学观念和思想道德意识。
Tibetan epic " Gesar " is an oral folk literature, it reprents the wisdom of Tibetan people. It is an alive epic which has spreaded from ancient times till today. It has an eternal life and becomes the spiritual wealth of the whole Chinese civilization. In the epic Gesar, people live a life of changing living place with the grass and water condition, so that people"s life can not break away from the high-lands ecology system. The fear of the mysterious natural phenomena begged for the favour of the nature, the ecology is protested by the nature of gods. This paper is devided into four parts. In the first part "the essential of the ecology consciousness", the writer defines the ecological consciousness by the consciousness, ecology and the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibetan highland and the relation between men and the nature, introduced the relation between the epic Gesar and the ecology. The second part "the worship of the nature and totem" reflects the ecology consciousness. The writer starts from the view of the nature, the view of totem, discusses "co-existance" and the "entrusting of the soul" ecology consciousness. The third part is mainly about the ecology consciousness which reflect from the labouring and burial custom in the epic Gesar. The writer started from the hunting, farming and animal husbandry, analyzes the simple environment consciousness in the mode of production, to abide by the natural law, to protect the natural resources and refuse the behaviou as against the time the place. The fourth part analizes the historical source and the realistic meaning of the ecology consciousness in the epic Gesar. Answered the question of "what is the historical sources of the ecoloy conscious forming?"
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